"cáin" meaning in Old Irish

See cáin in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: [kaːnʲ]
Etymology: From Proto-Celtic *ká(g)ni- (“tribute, law”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂/₃ǵ-n-, of uncertain relation to words like Latin conor (“to attempt”) and Macedonian кани (kani, “to invite”). Etymology templates: {{inh|sga|cel-pro|*ká(g)ni-|t=tribute, law}} Proto-Celtic *ká(g)ni- (“tribute, law”), {{der|sga|ine-pro||*keh₂/₃ǵ-n-}} Proto-Indo-European *keh₂/₃ǵ-n-, {{cog|la|conor|t=to attempt}} Latin conor (“to attempt”), {{cog|mk|кани|t=to invite}} Macedonian кани (kani, “to invite”) Head templates: {{head|sga|noun||||{{{2}}}||||||||{{{3}}}||{{{pl2}}}||{{{pl3}}}|altform=|cat2=|g=f|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=}} cáin f, {{sga-noun|f}} cáin f Inflection templates: {{sga-decl-i|cán|cána|g=f}}, {{sga-decl-noun|acc_du=cáin+L|acc_du2=|acc_du3=|acc_pl=cánai+H|acc_pl2=|acc_pl3=|acc_sg=cáin+N|acc_sg2=|acc_sg3=|class=i-f|dat_du=cánaib|dat_du2=|dat_du3=|dat_pl=cánaib|dat_pl2=|dat_pl3=|dat_sg=cáin+L|dat_sg2=|dat_sg3=|dat_sg4=|gen_du=cáno+H|gen_du2=cána+H|gen_du3=|gen_du4=|gen_du5=|gen_pl=cánae+N|gen_pl2=|gen_pl3=|gen_sg=cáno+H|gen_sg2=cána+H|gen_sg3=|gen_sg4=|gen_sg5=|n=|nom_du=cáin+L|nom_du2=|nom_du3=|nom_pl=cánai+H|nom_pl2=|nom_pl3=|nom_sg=cáin|nom_sg2=|nom_sg3=|voc_du=cáin+L|voc_du2=|voc_du3=|voc_pl=cánai+H|voc_pl2=|voc_pl3=|voc_sg=cáin|voc_sg2=|voc_sg3=}}, {{sga-mutation}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], cáin [nominative, singular], cáin [dual, nominative], cánai [nominative, plural], cáin [singular, vocative], cáin [dual, vocative], cánai [plural, vocative], cáin [accusative, singular], cáin [accusative, dual], cánai [accusative, plural], cáno [genitive, singular], cána [genitive, singular], cáno [dual, genitive], cána [dual, genitive], cánae [genitive, plural], cáin [dative, singular], cánaib [dative, dual], cánaib [dative, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], cáin [error-unrecognized-form], cháin [error-unrecognized-form]
  1. law (system, set of regulations), regulation, rule Tags: feminine
    Sense id: en-cáin-sga-noun-HH5yfvMj Categories (other): Pages with entries, Law Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 13 24 1 1 3 3 25 11 19 Disambiguation of Law: 100 0
  2. legal due, fine, tax, tribute Tags: feminine
    Sense id: en-cáin-sga-noun-g~nG8t2W Categories (other): Old Irish entries with incorrect language header, Pages with entries, Taxation Disambiguation of Old Irish entries with incorrect language header: 10 22 12 2 4 5 20 9 17 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 13 24 1 1 3 3 25 11 19 Disambiguation of Taxation: 21 79
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: cáinid, cánachas 
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "cáinid"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "cánachas"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ga",
            "2": "cáin"
          },
          "expansion": "Irish: cáin",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Irish: cáin"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gd",
            "2": "càin"
          },
          "expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: càin",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scottish Gaelic: càin"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*ká(g)ni-",
        "t": "tribute, law"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ká(g)ni- (“tribute, law”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*keh₂/₃ǵ-n-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *keh₂/₃ǵ-n-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "conor",
        "t": "to attempt"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin conor (“to attempt”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mk",
        "2": "кани",
        "t": "to invite"
      },
      "expansion": "Macedonian кани (kani, “to invite”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *ká(g)ni- (“tribute, law”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂/₃ǵ-n-, of uncertain relation to words like Latin conor (“to attempt”) and Macedonian кани (kani, “to invite”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-i",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cáin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cáin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cánai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cáin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cáin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cánai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cáin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cáin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cánai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cáno",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cána",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cáno",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cána",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cánae",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cáin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cánaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cánaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-mutation",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cáin",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cháin",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "{{{3}}}",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pl2}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{pl3}}}",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "{{{2}}}",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "altform": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "cáin f",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "cáin f",
      "name": "sga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cán",
        "2": "cána",
        "g": "f"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-i"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_du": "cáin+L",
        "acc_du2": "",
        "acc_du3": "",
        "acc_pl": "cánai+H",
        "acc_pl2": "",
        "acc_pl3": "",
        "acc_sg": "cáin+N",
        "acc_sg2": "",
        "acc_sg3": "",
        "class": "i-f",
        "dat_du": "cánaib",
        "dat_du2": "",
        "dat_du3": "",
        "dat_pl": "cánaib",
        "dat_pl2": "",
        "dat_pl3": "",
        "dat_sg": "cáin+L",
        "dat_sg2": "",
        "dat_sg3": "",
        "dat_sg4": "",
        "gen_du": "cáno+H",
        "gen_du2": "cána+H",
        "gen_du3": "",
        "gen_du4": "",
        "gen_du5": "",
        "gen_pl": "cánae+N",
        "gen_pl2": "",
        "gen_pl3": "",
        "gen_sg": "cáno+H",
        "gen_sg2": "cána+H",
        "gen_sg3": "",
        "gen_sg4": "",
        "gen_sg5": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_du": "cáin+L",
        "nom_du2": "",
        "nom_du3": "",
        "nom_pl": "cánai+H",
        "nom_pl2": "",
        "nom_pl3": "",
        "nom_sg": "cáin",
        "nom_sg2": "",
        "nom_sg3": "",
        "voc_du": "cáin+L",
        "voc_du2": "",
        "voc_du3": "",
        "voc_pl": "cánai+H",
        "voc_pl2": "",
        "voc_pl3": "",
        "voc_sg": "cáin",
        "voc_sg2": "",
        "voc_sg3": ""
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "sga-mutation"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "13 24 1 1 3 3 25 11 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "100 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "sga",
          "name": "Law",
          "orig": "sga:Law",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "law (system, set of regulations), regulation, rule"
      ],
      "id": "en-cáin-sga-noun-HH5yfvMj",
      "links": [
        [
          "law",
          "law"
        ],
        [
          "regulation",
          "regulation"
        ],
        [
          "rule",
          "rule"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "10 22 12 2 4 5 20 9 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 24 1 1 3 3 25 11 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 79",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "sga",
          "name": "Taxation",
          "orig": "sga:Taxation",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "legal due, fine, tax, tribute"
      ],
      "id": "en-cáin-sga-noun-g~nG8t2W",
      "links": [
        [
          "due",
          "due"
        ],
        [
          "fine",
          "fine"
        ],
        [
          "tax",
          "tax"
        ],
        [
          "tribute",
          "tribute"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[kaːnʲ]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "cáin"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Irish feminine nouns",
    "Old Irish lemmas",
    "Old Irish masculine or feminine i-stem nouns",
    "Old Irish nouns",
    "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
    "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "sga:Law",
    "sga:Taxation"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "cáinid"
    },
    {
      "word": "cánachas"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ga",
            "2": "cáin"
          },
          "expansion": "Irish: cáin",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Irish: cáin"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gd",
            "2": "càin"
          },
          "expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: càin",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scottish Gaelic: càin"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*ká(g)ni-",
        "t": "tribute, law"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ká(g)ni- (“tribute, law”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*keh₂/₃ǵ-n-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *keh₂/₃ǵ-n-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "conor",
        "t": "to attempt"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin conor (“to attempt”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mk",
        "2": "кани",
        "t": "to invite"
      },
      "expansion": "Macedonian кани (kani, “to invite”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *ká(g)ni- (“tribute, law”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂/₃ǵ-n-, of uncertain relation to words like Latin conor (“to attempt”) and Macedonian кани (kani, “to invite”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-i",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cáin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cáin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cánai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cáin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cáin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cánai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cáin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cáin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cánai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cáno",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cána",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cáno",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cána",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cánae",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cáin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cánaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cánaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-mutation",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cáin",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cháin",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "{{{3}}}",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pl2}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{pl3}}}",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "{{{2}}}",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "altform": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "cáin f",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "cáin f",
      "name": "sga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cán",
        "2": "cána",
        "g": "f"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-i"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_du": "cáin+L",
        "acc_du2": "",
        "acc_du3": "",
        "acc_pl": "cánai+H",
        "acc_pl2": "",
        "acc_pl3": "",
        "acc_sg": "cáin+N",
        "acc_sg2": "",
        "acc_sg3": "",
        "class": "i-f",
        "dat_du": "cánaib",
        "dat_du2": "",
        "dat_du3": "",
        "dat_pl": "cánaib",
        "dat_pl2": "",
        "dat_pl3": "",
        "dat_sg": "cáin+L",
        "dat_sg2": "",
        "dat_sg3": "",
        "dat_sg4": "",
        "gen_du": "cáno+H",
        "gen_du2": "cána+H",
        "gen_du3": "",
        "gen_du4": "",
        "gen_du5": "",
        "gen_pl": "cánae+N",
        "gen_pl2": "",
        "gen_pl3": "",
        "gen_sg": "cáno+H",
        "gen_sg2": "cána+H",
        "gen_sg3": "",
        "gen_sg4": "",
        "gen_sg5": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_du": "cáin+L",
        "nom_du2": "",
        "nom_du3": "",
        "nom_pl": "cánai+H",
        "nom_pl2": "",
        "nom_pl3": "",
        "nom_sg": "cáin",
        "nom_sg2": "",
        "nom_sg3": "",
        "voc_du": "cáin+L",
        "voc_du2": "",
        "voc_du3": "",
        "voc_pl": "cánai+H",
        "voc_pl2": "",
        "voc_pl3": "",
        "voc_sg": "cáin",
        "voc_sg2": "",
        "voc_sg3": ""
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "sga-mutation"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "law (system, set of regulations), regulation, rule"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "law",
          "law"
        ],
        [
          "regulation",
          "regulation"
        ],
        [
          "rule",
          "rule"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "legal due, fine, tax, tribute"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "due",
          "due"
        ],
        [
          "fine",
          "fine"
        ],
        [
          "tax",
          "tax"
        ],
        [
          "tribute",
          "tribute"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[kaːnʲ]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "cáin"
}

Download raw JSONL data for cáin meaning in Old Irish (5.2kB)

{
  "called_from": "inflection/865",
  "msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: cáin/Old Irish 'radical' base_tags=set()",
  "path": [
    "cáin"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "cáin",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'lenition'",
  "path": [
    "cáin"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "cáin",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nasalization'",
  "path": [
    "cáin"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "cáin",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (0c45963 and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.