"brón" meaning in Old Irish

See brón in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /broːn/
Etymology: From Proto-Celtic *brugnos (“sadness, pain”) (also reconstructible as *bruginos, *broginos, *brognos), of uncertain further origin. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʷruHǵʰ-nó-, from the root *gʷrewHǵʰ- (“to bite”) + *-nós, though the laryngeal makes this problematic; alternatively from *bʰreg- (“to break”) or another root. Etymology templates: {{inh|sga|cel-pro|*brugnos||sadness, pain}} Proto-Celtic *brugnos (“sadness, pain”), {{m|cel-pro|*bruginos}} *bruginos, {{m|cel-pro|*broginos}} *broginos, {{m|cel-pro|*brognos}} *brognos, {{der|sga|ine-pro||*gʷruHǵʰ-nó-}} Proto-Indo-European *gʷruHǵʰ-nó-, {{m|ine-pro|*gʷrewHǵʰ-||to bite}} *gʷrewHǵʰ- (“to bite”), {{m|ine-pro|*-nós}} *-nós, {{m|ine-pro|*bʰreg-||to break}} *bʰreg- (“to break”) Head templates: {{head|sga|noun|||genitive|bróin|||||no plural|||-||{{{pl2}}}||{{{pl3}}}|cat2=|g=m|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=}} brón m (genitive bróin, no plural), {{sga-noun|m|bróin|-}} brón m (genitive bróin, no plural) Inflection templates: {{sga-decl-o-masc|bróin}}, {{sga-decl-noun|acc_du=brón+L|acc_du2=|acc_du3=|acc_pl=brónu+H|acc_pl2=|acc_pl3=|acc_sg=brón+N|acc_sg2=|acc_sg3=|class=o-m|dat_du=brónaib|dat_du2=|dat_du3=|dat_pl=brónaib|dat_pl2=|dat_pl3=|dat_sg=brón+L|dat_sg2=|dat_sg3=|gen_du=brón|gen_du2=|gen_du3=|gen_pl=brón+N|gen_pl2=|gen_pl3=|gen_pl4=|gen_sg=bróin+L|gen_sg2=|gen_sg3=|n=|nom_du=brón+L|nom_du2=|nom_du3=|nom_pl=bróin+L|nom_pl2=|nom_pl3=|nom_sg=brón|nom_sg2=|nom_sg3=|voc_du=brón+L|voc_du2=|voc_du3=|voc_pl=brónu+H|voc_pl2=|voc_pl3=|voc_sg=bróin|voc_sg2=|voc_sg3=}}, {{sga-mutation|b|rón}} Forms: bróin [genitive], no-table-tags [table-tags], brón [masculine, nominative, singular, stem], brón [dual, masculine, nominative, stem], bróin [masculine, nominative, plural, stem], bróin [masculine, singular, stem, vocative], brón [dual, masculine, stem, vocative], brónu [masculine, plural, stem, vocative], brón [accusative, masculine, singular, stem], brón [accusative, dual, masculine, stem], brónu [accusative, masculine, plural, stem], bróin [genitive, masculine, singular, stem], brón [dual, genitive, masculine, stem], brón [genitive, masculine, plural, stem], brón [dative, masculine, singular, stem], brónaib [dative, dual, masculine, stem], brónaib [dative, masculine, plural, stem], no-table-tags [table-tags], brón [mutation, mutation-radical], brón [mutation, mutation-nasal], mbrón [mutation]
  1. sorrow, grief, lamentation, distress, burden Wikipedia link: Brill Publishers Tags: masculine, no-plural Derived forms: brónach (english: sorrowful, grieving, sad)
    Sense id: en-brón-sga-noun--zI9RHH4 Categories (other): Old Irish entries with incorrect language header

Download JSON data for brón meaning in Old Irish (5.9kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ga",
            "2": "brón"
          },
          "expansion": "Irish: brón",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Irish: brón"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gd",
            "2": "bròn"
          },
          "expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: bròn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scottish Gaelic: bròn"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*brugnos",
        "4": "",
        "5": "sadness, pain"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *brugnos (“sadness, pain”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*bruginos"
      },
      "expansion": "*bruginos",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*broginos"
      },
      "expansion": "*broginos",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*brognos"
      },
      "expansion": "*brognos",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*gʷruHǵʰ-nó-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷruHǵʰ-nó-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*gʷrewHǵʰ-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to bite"
      },
      "expansion": "*gʷrewHǵʰ- (“to bite”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*-nós"
      },
      "expansion": "*-nós",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*bʰreg-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to break"
      },
      "expansion": "*bʰreg- (“to break”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *brugnos (“sadness, pain”) (also reconstructible as *bruginos, *broginos, *brognos), of uncertain further origin. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʷruHǵʰ-nó-, from the root *gʷrewHǵʰ- (“to bite”) + *-nós, though the laryngeal makes this problematic; alternatively from *bʰreg- (“to break”) or another root.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bróin",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-o-masc",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brón",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brón",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bróin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bróin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brón",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brónu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brón",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brón",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brónu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bróin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brón",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brón",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brón",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brónaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brónaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-mutation",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brón",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-radical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brón",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-nasal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mbrón",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "no plural",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "-",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pl2}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{pl3}}}",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "genitive",
        "6": "bróin",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "brón m (genitive bróin, no plural)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "bróin",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "brón m (genitive bróin, no plural)",
      "name": "sga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bróin"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-o-masc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_du": "brón+L",
        "acc_du2": "",
        "acc_du3": "",
        "acc_pl": "brónu+H",
        "acc_pl2": "",
        "acc_pl3": "",
        "acc_sg": "brón+N",
        "acc_sg2": "",
        "acc_sg3": "",
        "class": "o-m",
        "dat_du": "brónaib",
        "dat_du2": "",
        "dat_du3": "",
        "dat_pl": "brónaib",
        "dat_pl2": "",
        "dat_pl3": "",
        "dat_sg": "brón+L",
        "dat_sg2": "",
        "dat_sg3": "",
        "gen_du": "brón",
        "gen_du2": "",
        "gen_du3": "",
        "gen_pl": "brón+N",
        "gen_pl2": "",
        "gen_pl3": "",
        "gen_pl4": "",
        "gen_sg": "bróin+L",
        "gen_sg2": "",
        "gen_sg3": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_du": "brón+L",
        "nom_du2": "",
        "nom_du3": "",
        "nom_pl": "bróin+L",
        "nom_pl2": "",
        "nom_pl3": "",
        "nom_sg": "brón",
        "nom_sg2": "",
        "nom_sg3": "",
        "voc_du": "brón+L",
        "voc_du2": "",
        "voc_du3": "",
        "voc_pl": "brónu+H",
        "voc_pl2": "",
        "voc_pl3": "",
        "voc_sg": "bróin",
        "voc_sg2": "",
        "voc_sg3": ""
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "b",
        "2": "rón"
      },
      "name": "sga-mutation"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "english": "sorrowful, grieving, sad",
          "word": "brónach"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "\"brón caích bad brón dúibsi\" glosses flete cum flentibus"
        },
        {
          "text": "\"ni far mbrón si ...\" glosses contristati"
        },
        {
          "text": "\"in brón\" glosses mestitudinem"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sorrow, grief, lamentation, distress, burden"
      ],
      "id": "en-brón-sga-noun--zI9RHH4",
      "links": [
        [
          "sorrow",
          "sorrow"
        ],
        [
          "grief",
          "grief"
        ],
        [
          "lamentation",
          "lamentation"
        ],
        [
          "distress",
          "distress"
        ],
        [
          "burden",
          "burden"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "no-plural"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/broːn/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "brón"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "sorrowful, grieving, sad",
      "word": "brónach"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ga",
            "2": "brón"
          },
          "expansion": "Irish: brón",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Irish: brón"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gd",
            "2": "bròn"
          },
          "expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: bròn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scottish Gaelic: bròn"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*brugnos",
        "4": "",
        "5": "sadness, pain"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *brugnos (“sadness, pain”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*bruginos"
      },
      "expansion": "*bruginos",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*broginos"
      },
      "expansion": "*broginos",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*brognos"
      },
      "expansion": "*brognos",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*gʷruHǵʰ-nó-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷruHǵʰ-nó-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*gʷrewHǵʰ-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to bite"
      },
      "expansion": "*gʷrewHǵʰ- (“to bite”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*-nós"
      },
      "expansion": "*-nós",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*bʰreg-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to break"
      },
      "expansion": "*bʰreg- (“to break”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *brugnos (“sadness, pain”) (also reconstructible as *bruginos, *broginos, *brognos), of uncertain further origin. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʷruHǵʰ-nó-, from the root *gʷrewHǵʰ- (“to bite”) + *-nós, though the laryngeal makes this problematic; alternatively from *bʰreg- (“to break”) or another root.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bróin",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-o-masc",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brón",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brón",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bróin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bróin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brón",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brónu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brón",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brón",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brónu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bróin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brón",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brón",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brón",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brónaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brónaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-mutation",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brón",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-radical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brón",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-nasal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mbrón",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "no plural",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "-",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pl2}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{pl3}}}",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "genitive",
        "6": "bróin",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "brón m (genitive bróin, no plural)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "bróin",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "brón m (genitive bróin, no plural)",
      "name": "sga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bróin"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-o-masc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_du": "brón+L",
        "acc_du2": "",
        "acc_du3": "",
        "acc_pl": "brónu+H",
        "acc_pl2": "",
        "acc_pl3": "",
        "acc_sg": "brón+N",
        "acc_sg2": "",
        "acc_sg3": "",
        "class": "o-m",
        "dat_du": "brónaib",
        "dat_du2": "",
        "dat_du3": "",
        "dat_pl": "brónaib",
        "dat_pl2": "",
        "dat_pl3": "",
        "dat_sg": "brón+L",
        "dat_sg2": "",
        "dat_sg3": "",
        "gen_du": "brón",
        "gen_du2": "",
        "gen_du3": "",
        "gen_pl": "brón+N",
        "gen_pl2": "",
        "gen_pl3": "",
        "gen_pl4": "",
        "gen_sg": "bróin+L",
        "gen_sg2": "",
        "gen_sg3": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_du": "brón+L",
        "nom_du2": "",
        "nom_du3": "",
        "nom_pl": "bróin+L",
        "nom_pl2": "",
        "nom_pl3": "",
        "nom_sg": "brón",
        "nom_sg2": "",
        "nom_sg3": "",
        "voc_du": "brón+L",
        "voc_du2": "",
        "voc_du3": "",
        "voc_pl": "brónu+H",
        "voc_pl2": "",
        "voc_pl3": "",
        "voc_sg": "bróin",
        "voc_sg2": "",
        "voc_sg3": ""
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "b",
        "2": "rón"
      },
      "name": "sga-mutation"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
        "Old Irish lemmas",
        "Old Irish masculine nouns",
        "Old Irish masculine o-stem nouns",
        "Old Irish nouns",
        "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
        "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
        "Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "\"brón caích bad brón dúibsi\" glosses flete cum flentibus"
        },
        {
          "text": "\"ni far mbrón si ...\" glosses contristati"
        },
        {
          "text": "\"in brón\" glosses mestitudinem"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sorrow, grief, lamentation, distress, burden"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sorrow",
          "sorrow"
        ],
        [
          "grief",
          "grief"
        ],
        [
          "lamentation",
          "lamentation"
        ],
        [
          "distress",
          "distress"
        ],
        [
          "burden",
          "burden"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "no-plural"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/broːn/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "brón"
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Old Irish]; cleaned text: Initial mutations of a following adjective: *ᴴ = triggers aspiration *ᴸ = triggers lenition *ᴺ = triggers nasalization",
  "path": [
    "brón"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "brón",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.