See -em in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "occupational"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*-mū"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-mū",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-mō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-mō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *-mū, from Proto-Indo-European *-mō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-n-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-em",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-emain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-emain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-em",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-emain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-emna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-emain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-emain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-emna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-eman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-emain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-em",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-emnaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-emnaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "masculine suffixes",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-em m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-emain",
"2": "-eman",
"g": "m"
},
"name": "sga-decl-n-mf"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "-emain+L",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_du4": "",
"acc_pl": "-emna+H",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "-emain+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"acc_sg4": "",
"acc_sg5": "",
"class": "n-m",
"dat_du": "-emnaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "-emnaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "-emain+L",
"dat_sg2": "-em+L",
"dat_sg3": "",
"dat_sg4": "",
"dat_sg5": "",
"dat_sg6": "",
"gen_du": "-eman+L",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "-eman+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "-eman",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "-emain+L",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_du4": "",
"nom_pl": "-emain",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "-em",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"nom_sg4": "",
"voc_du": "-emain+L",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_du4": "",
"voc_pl": "-emna+H",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "-em",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": "",
"voc_sg4": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 3 11 16 15 8 12 11 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "flaith (“rule”) + -em → flaithem (“ruler”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "breth (“judgement”) + -em → brithem (“judge”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "fíach (“debt”) + -em → féchem (“debtor”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms occupational nouns."
],
"id": "en--em-sga-suffix-yjl3WcCV",
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "broad form",
"word": "-am"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[əβ̃]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "-em"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "-amh"
},
"expansion": "Irish: -amh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: -amh"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "-amh"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: -amh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: -amh"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "verbnoun"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*-īmā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-īmā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "-i"
},
"expansion": "Welsh -i",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*-iβ̃"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *-iβ̃",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *-īmā, a verbal noun suffix for -ī- verbs in Celtic. Cognate with Welsh -i, from Proto-Brythonic *-iβ̃.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-a-fem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-em",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-em",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-im",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-me",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-im",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "feminine suffixes",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-em f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-im",
"gen_sg": "-me",
"n": "s"
},
"name": "sga-decl-a-fem"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "-im+L",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "-ema+H",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "-im+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "ā-f",
"dat_du": "-emaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "-emaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "-im+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "-em+L",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "-em+N",
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"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "-me+H",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "s",
"nom_du": "-im+L",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "-ema+H",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "-em+L",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "-im+L",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "-ema+H",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "-em+L",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 3 11 16 15 8 12 11 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "feithid (“to watch over”) + -em → fethem (“watching over”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "moídid (“to boast”) + -em → moídem (“boasting”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ad·gládathar (“to converse with”) + -em → acaldam (“conversation”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms verbal nouns of class A II weak verbs with roots ending in dentals."
],
"id": "en--em-sga-suffix-FQ-0Hjub",
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "after a broad consonant",
"word": "-am"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[əβ̃]"
}
],
"word": "-em"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish feminine suffixes",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish masculine or feminine n-stem nouns",
"Old Irish masculine suffixes",
"Old Irish noun-forming suffixes",
"Old Irish suffixes",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish uncountable nouns",
"Old Irish ā-stem nouns",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "occupational"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*-mū"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-mū",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-mō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-mō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *-mū, from Proto-Indo-European *-mō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-n-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-em",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-emain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-emain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-em",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-emain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-emna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-emain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-emain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-emna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-eman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-emain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-em",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-emnaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-emnaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "masculine suffixes",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-em m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-emain",
"2": "-eman",
"g": "m"
},
"name": "sga-decl-n-mf"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "-emain+L",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_du4": "",
"acc_pl": "-emna+H",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "-emain+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"acc_sg4": "",
"acc_sg5": "",
"class": "n-m",
"dat_du": "-emnaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "-emnaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "-emain+L",
"dat_sg2": "-em+L",
"dat_sg3": "",
"dat_sg4": "",
"dat_sg5": "",
"dat_sg6": "",
"gen_du": "-eman+L",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "-eman+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "-eman",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "-emain+L",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_du4": "",
"nom_pl": "-emain",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "-em",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"nom_sg4": "",
"voc_du": "-emain+L",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_du4": "",
"voc_pl": "-emna+H",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "-em",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": "",
"voc_sg4": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "flaith (“rule”) + -em → flaithem (“ruler”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "breth (“judgement”) + -em → brithem (“judge”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "fíach (“debt”) + -em → féchem (“debtor”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms occupational nouns."
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[əβ̃]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "broad form",
"word": "-am"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "-em"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish feminine suffixes",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish noun-forming suffixes",
"Old Irish suffixes",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish uncountable nouns",
"Old Irish ā-stem nouns",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "-amh"
},
"expansion": "Irish: -amh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: -amh"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "-amh"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: -amh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: -amh"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "verbnoun"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*-īmā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-īmā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "-i"
},
"expansion": "Welsh -i",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*-iβ̃"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *-iβ̃",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *-īmā, a verbal noun suffix for -ī- verbs in Celtic. Cognate with Welsh -i, from Proto-Brythonic *-iβ̃.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-a-fem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-em",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-em",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-im",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-me",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-im",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "feminine suffixes",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-em f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-im",
"gen_sg": "-me",
"n": "s"
},
"name": "sga-decl-a-fem"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "-im+L",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "-ema+H",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "-im+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "ā-f",
"dat_du": "-emaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "-emaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "-im+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "-em+L",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "-em+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "-me+H",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "s",
"nom_du": "-im+L",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "-ema+H",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "-em+L",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "-im+L",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "-ema+H",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "-em+L",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "feithid (“to watch over”) + -em → fethem (“watching over”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "moídid (“to boast”) + -em → moídem (“boasting”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ad·gládathar (“to converse with”) + -em → acaldam (“conversation”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms verbal nouns of class A II weak verbs with roots ending in dentals."
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[əβ̃]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "after a broad consonant",
"word": "-am"
}
],
"word": "-em"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -em meaning in Old Irish (8.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (05fdf6b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.