See -e in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "-e",
"id": "abstract"
},
"expansion": "Irish: -e",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: -e"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*-iyā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-iyā",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "-edd"
},
"expansion": "Welsh -edd",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "-edh"
},
"expansion": "Cornish -edh",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-h₂",
"4": "*-i-eh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-ίᾱ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ίᾱ (-íā)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ia"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ia",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *-iyā (whence also Welsh -edd and Cornish -edh), from Proto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂. Cognate with Ancient Greek -ίᾱ (-íā) and Latin -ia.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-ia-fem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "iā-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Feminine iā-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-e f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"suff": "1"
},
"expansion": "-e f",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"name": "sga-decl-ia-fem"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "-i+L",
"acc_pl": "-i",
"acc_sg": "-i+N",
"class": "iā-f",
"dat_du": "-ib",
"dat_pl": "-ib",
"dat_sg": "-i+L",
"gen_du": "-e+L",
"gen_pl": "-e+N",
"gen_sg": "-e",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "-i+L",
"nom_pl": "-i",
"nom_sg": "-e+L",
"voc_du": "-i+L",
"voc_pl": "-i",
"voc_sg": "-e+L"
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 44 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "cathach (“bellicose”) + -e → cathaige (“warlike spirit”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "sáer (“free”) + -e → saíre (“freedom, liberty”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms concrete or abstract nouns from adjectives."
],
"id": "en--e-sga-suffix-Z5OCs~3B",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-e"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 44 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "-e",
"id": "abstract"
},
"expansion": "Irish: -e",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: -e"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*-iyā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-iyā",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "-edd"
},
"expansion": "Welsh -edd",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "-edh"
},
"expansion": "Cornish -edh",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-h₂",
"4": "*-i-eh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-ίᾱ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ίᾱ (-íā)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ia"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ia",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *-iyā (whence also Welsh -edd and Cornish -edh), from Proto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂. Cognate with Ancient Greek -ίᾱ (-íā) and Latin -ia.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-ia-fem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "iā-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Feminine iā-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-e f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"suff": "1"
},
"expansion": "-e f",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"name": "sga-decl-ia-fem"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "-i+L",
"acc_pl": "-i",
"acc_sg": "-i+N",
"class": "iā-f",
"dat_du": "-ib",
"dat_pl": "-ib",
"dat_sg": "-i+L",
"gen_du": "-e+L",
"gen_pl": "-e+N",
"gen_sg": "-e",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "-i+L",
"nom_pl": "-i",
"nom_sg": "-e+L",
"voc_du": "-i+L",
"voc_pl": "-i",
"voc_sg": "-e+L"
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish feminine suffixes",
"Old Irish iā-stem nouns",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish noun-forming suffixes",
"Old Irish suffixes",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 44 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "cathach (“bellicose”) + -e → cathaige (“warlike spirit”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "sáer (“free”) + -e → saíre (“freedom, liberty”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms concrete or abstract nouns from adjectives."
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-e"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -e meaning in Old Irish (3.9kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Old Irish]; cleaned text: Initial mutations of a following adjective: *ᴴ = triggers aspiration *ᴸ = triggers lenition *ᴺ = triggers nasalization",
"path": [
"-e"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-e",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (f889f65 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.