See torner in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{ "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "turnen", "bor": "1", "pos": "partially" }, "expansion": "→ Middle English: turnen (partially)\nEnglish: turn\nScots: turn", "name": "desctree" } ], "text": "→ Middle English: turnen (partially)\nEnglish: turn\nScots: turn" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "frm", "2": "tourner" }, "expansion": "Middle French: tourner", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Middle French: tourner" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "fr", "2": "tourner" }, "expansion": "French: tourner", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "French: tourner" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "nrf", "2": "touônner" }, "expansion": "Norman: touônner", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Norman: touônner" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "wa", "2": "tourner" }, "expansion": "Walloon: tourner", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Walloon: tourner" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "fro", "2": "la", "3": "tornō", "4": "tornāre" }, "expansion": "Latin tornāre", "name": "inh" } ], "etymology_text": "From Latin tornāre.", "forms": [ { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "fro-conj-er", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "torner", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "infinitive" ] }, { "form": "avoir torné", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "infinitive", "multiword-construction" ] }, { "form": "en tornant", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "gerund" ] }, { "form": "gerund of avoir + past participle", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "gerund", "multiword-construction" ] }, { "form": "tornant", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "participle", "present" ] }, { "form": "torné", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "participle", "past" ] }, { "form": "torn", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "present", "singular" ] }, { "form": "tornes", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "present", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "torne", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "present", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "tornons", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "plural", "present" ] }, { "form": "tornez", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "plural", "present", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "tornent", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "plural", "present", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "tornoie", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "torneie", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "tornoe", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "torneve", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "tornoies", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "torneies", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "tornoes", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "torneves", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "tornoit", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "torneit", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "tornot", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "torneve", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "torniiens", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "torniens", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "torniiez", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "torniez", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "tornoient", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "torneient", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "tornoent", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "tornevent", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "tornai", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "preterite", "singular" ] }, { "form": "tornas", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "preterite", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "torna", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "preterite", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "tornames", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "plural", "preterite" ] }, { "form": "tornastes", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "plural", "preterite", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "tornerent", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "plural", "preterite", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "tornerai", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "future", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "torneras", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "tornera", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "tornerons", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "future", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "torneroiz", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "tornereiz", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "tornerez", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "torneront", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "torneroie", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "first-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "tornereie", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "first-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "torneroies", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "tornereies", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "torneroit", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "tornereit", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "torneriiens", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "first-person", "plural" ] }, { "form": "torneriens", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "first-person", "plural" ] }, { "form": "torneriiez", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "torneriez", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "torneroient", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "tornereient", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "present tense of avoir + past participle", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "multiword-construction", "perfect", "present" ] }, { "form": "imperfect tense of avoir + past participle", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "multiword-construction", "pluperfect" ] }, { "form": "preterite tense of avoir + past participle", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "anterior", "indicative", "multiword-construction", "past" ] }, { "form": "future tense of avoir + past participle", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "indicative", "multiword-construction", "perfect" ] }, { "form": "conditional tense of avoir + past participle", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "multiword-construction", "perfect" ] }, { "form": "torn", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "present", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "torz", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "present", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "tort", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "present", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "tornons", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "plural", "present", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "tornez", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "plural", "present", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "tornent", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "plural", "present", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "tornasse", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "tornasses", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "tornast", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "tornissons", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "tornissiens", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "tornissoiz", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "tornissez", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "tornissiez", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "tornassent", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "plural", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "multiword-construction", "past", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "multiword-construction", "pluperfect", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "torne", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "tornons", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "tornez", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "turner", "tags": [ "alternative" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "fro", "2": "verb" }, "expansion": "torner", "name": "head" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": {}, "name": "fro-conj-er" } ], "lang": "Old French", "lang_code": "fro", "pos": "verb", "related": [ { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "destorner" }, { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "retorner" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "_dis": "36 35 14 16", "kind": "other", "name": "Old French verbs with weak-a preterite", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "to turn" ], "id": "en-torner-fro-verb-4s29iXOP", "links": [ [ "turn", "turn" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(transitive or intransitive) to turn" ], "tags": [ "intransitive", "transitive" ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "36 35 14 16", "kind": "other", "name": "Old French verbs with weak-a preterite", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "to return; to go back" ], "id": "en-torner-fro-verb-4TbFEsPl", "links": [ [ "return", "return" ], [ "go", "go" ], [ "back", "back" ] ] } ], "word": "torner" }
{ "categories": [ "Old French entries with incorrect language header", "Old French first group verbs", "Old French lemmas", "Old French terms derived from Latin", "Old French terms inherited from Latin", "Old French verbs", "Old French verbs ending in -er", "Old French verbs with weak-a preterite", "Pages with 3 entries", "Pages with entries" ], "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "turnen", "bor": "1", "pos": "partially" }, "expansion": "→ Middle English: turnen (partially)\nEnglish: turn\nScots: turn", "name": "desctree" } ], "text": "→ Middle English: turnen (partially)\nEnglish: turn\nScots: turn" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "frm", "2": "tourner" }, "expansion": "Middle French: tourner", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Middle French: tourner" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "fr", "2": "tourner" }, "expansion": "French: tourner", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "French: tourner" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "nrf", "2": "touônner" }, "expansion": "Norman: touônner", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Norman: touônner" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "wa", "2": "tourner" }, "expansion": "Walloon: tourner", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Walloon: tourner" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "fro", "2": "la", "3": "tornō", "4": "tornāre" }, "expansion": "Latin tornāre", "name": "inh" } ], "etymology_text": "From Latin tornāre.", "forms": [ { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "fro-conj-er", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "torner", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "infinitive" ] }, { "form": "avoir torné", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "infinitive", "multiword-construction" ] }, { "form": "en tornant", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "gerund" ] }, { "form": "gerund of avoir + past participle", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "gerund", "multiword-construction" ] }, { "form": "tornant", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "participle", "present" ] }, { "form": "torné", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "participle", "past" ] }, { "form": "torn", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "present", "singular" ] }, { "form": "tornes", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "present", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "torne", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "present", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "tornons", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "plural", "present" ] }, { "form": "tornez", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "plural", "present", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "tornent", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "plural", "present", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "tornoie", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "torneie", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "tornoe", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "torneve", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "tornoies", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "torneies", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "tornoes", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "torneves", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "tornoit", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "torneit", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "tornot", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "torneve", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "torniiens", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "torniens", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "torniiez", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "torniez", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "tornoient", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "torneient", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "tornoent", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "tornevent", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "tornai", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "preterite", "singular" ] }, { "form": "tornas", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "preterite", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "torna", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "preterite", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "tornames", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "plural", "preterite" ] }, { "form": "tornastes", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "plural", "preterite", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "tornerent", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "plural", "preterite", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "tornerai", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "future", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "torneras", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "tornera", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "tornerons", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "future", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "torneroiz", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "tornereiz", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "tornerez", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "torneront", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "torneroie", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "first-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "tornereie", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "first-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "torneroies", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "tornereies", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "torneroit", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "tornereit", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "torneriiens", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "first-person", "plural" ] }, { "form": "torneriens", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "first-person", "plural" ] }, { "form": "torneriiez", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "torneriez", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "torneroient", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "tornereient", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "present tense of avoir + past participle", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "multiword-construction", "perfect", "present" ] }, { "form": "imperfect tense of avoir + past participle", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "multiword-construction", "pluperfect" ] }, { "form": "preterite tense of avoir + past participle", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "anterior", "indicative", "multiword-construction", "past" ] }, { "form": "future tense of avoir + past participle", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "future", "indicative", "multiword-construction", "perfect" ] }, { "form": "conditional tense of avoir + past participle", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "conditional", "multiword-construction", "perfect" ] }, { "form": "torn", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "present", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "torz", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "present", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "tort", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "present", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "tornons", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "plural", "present", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "tornez", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "plural", "present", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "tornent", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "plural", "present", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "tornasse", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "tornasses", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "tornast", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "tornissons", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "tornissiens", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "tornissoiz", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "tornissez", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "tornissiez", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "tornassent", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "plural", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "multiword-construction", "past", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "multiword-construction", "pluperfect", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "torne", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "tornons", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "tornez", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "turner", "tags": [ "alternative" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "fro", "2": "verb" }, "expansion": "torner", "name": "head" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": {}, "name": "fro-conj-er" } ], "lang": "Old French", "lang_code": "fro", "pos": "verb", "related": [ { "word": "destorner" }, { "word": "retorner" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Old French intransitive verbs", "Old French transitive verbs" ], "glosses": [ "to turn" ], "links": [ [ "turn", "turn" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(transitive or intransitive) to turn" ], "tags": [ "intransitive", "transitive" ] }, { "glosses": [ "to return; to go back" ], "links": [ [ "return", "return" ], [ "go", "go" ], [ "back", "back" ] ] } ], "word": "torner" }
Download raw JSONL data for torner meaning in Old French (11.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (7c21d10 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.