See ruse in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ruse",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: ruse",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: ruse"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ruse"
},
"expansion": "French: ruse",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: ruse"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "rursus",
"t": "backwards"
},
"expansion": "Latin rursus (“backwards”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably based on Latin rursus (“backwards”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ruse oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "ruses",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruse",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruses",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "ruse oblique singular, f (oblique plural ruses, nominative singular ruse, nominative plural ruses)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "66 3 28 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"evasive movements of a pursued animal"
],
"id": "en-ruse-fro-noun-GPngSCAX"
},
{
"glosses": [
"trickery"
],
"id": "en-ruse-fro-noun-LEaCrBYc",
"links": [
[
"trickery",
"trickery"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) trickery"
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"dream; daydream; fantasy"
],
"id": "en-ruse-fro-noun-qMS36y~U",
"links": [
[
"dream",
"dream"
],
[
"daydream",
"daydream"
],
[
"fantasy",
"fantasy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) dream; daydream; fantasy"
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"lie; untruth"
],
"id": "en-ruse-fro-noun-FUzQvLIU",
"links": [
[
"lie",
"lie"
],
[
"untruth",
"untruth"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) lie; untruth"
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
"word": "ruse"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French feminine nouns",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ruse",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: ruse",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: ruse"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ruse"
},
"expansion": "French: ruse",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: ruse"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "rursus",
"t": "backwards"
},
"expansion": "Latin rursus (“backwards”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably based on Latin rursus (“backwards”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ruse oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "ruses",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruse",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruses",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "ruse oblique singular, f (oblique plural ruses, nominative singular ruse, nominative plural ruses)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"evasive movements of a pursued animal"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"trickery"
],
"links": [
[
"trickery",
"trickery"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) trickery"
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"dream; daydream; fantasy"
],
"links": [
[
"dream",
"dream"
],
[
"daydream",
"daydream"
],
[
"fantasy",
"fantasy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) dream; daydream; fantasy"
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"lie; untruth"
],
"links": [
[
"lie",
"lie"
],
[
"untruth",
"untruth"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) lie; untruth"
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
"word": "ruse"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ruse meaning in Old French (1.8kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'ruse oblique singular or', originally 'ruse oblique singular or f'",
"path": [
"ruse"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ruse",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'ruse oblique singular or', originally 'ruse oblique singular or f'",
"path": [
"ruse"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ruse",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['feminine', 'canonical']: 'ruse oblique singular or' in 'ruse oblique singular, f (oblique plural ruses, nominative singular ruse, nominative plural ruses)'",
"path": [
"ruse"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ruse",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (ee63ee9 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.