"runer" meaning in Old French

See runer in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: Germanic, from Frankish *rūnen, *rūnōn (“to whisper”), from Proto-Germanic *rūnōną (“to talk secrets, whisper, decide”), *raunijaną (“to investigate, examine, prove”), from Proto-Indo-European *(e)rewə-, *(e)rwō- (“to trace, find out, look out”). Cognate with Old High German rūnen, rūnōn (“to whisper, murmur”), Old English rūnian (“to whisper”). More at round. Etymology templates: {{uder|fro|gem|-}} Germanic, {{bor|fro|frk|*rūnen, *rūnōn||to whisper}} Frankish *rūnen, *rūnōn (“to whisper”), {{uder|fro|gem-pro|*rūnōną||to talk secrets, whisper, decide}} Proto-Germanic *rūnōną (“to talk secrets, whisper, decide”), {{uder|fro|ine-pro|*(e)rewə-}} Proto-Indo-European *(e)rewə-, {{cog|goh|rūnen}} Old High German rūnen, {{cog|ang|rūnian||to whisper}} Old English rūnian (“to whisper”) Head templates: {{head|fro|verb}} runer Inflection templates: {{fro-conj-er}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], runer [infinitive], avoir runé [infinitive, multiword-construction], en runant [gerund], gerund of avoir + past participle [gerund, multiword-construction], runant [participle, present], runé [participle, past], run [first-person, indicative, present, singular], runes [indicative, present, second-person, singular], rune [indicative, present, singular, third-person], runons [first-person, indicative, plural, present], runez [indicative, plural, present, second-person], runent [indicative, plural, present, third-person], runoie [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], runeie [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], runoe [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], runeve [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], runoies [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], runeies [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], runoes [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], runeves [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], runoit [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], runeit [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], runot [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], runeve [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], runiiens [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], runiens [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], runiiez [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], runiez [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], runoient [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], runeient [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], runoent [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], runevent [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], runai [first-person, indicative, preterite, singular], runas [indicative, preterite, second-person, singular], runa [indicative, preterite, singular, third-person], runames [first-person, indicative, plural, preterite], runastes [indicative, plural, preterite, second-person], runerent [indicative, plural, preterite, third-person], runerai [first-person, future, indicative, singular], runeras [future, indicative, second-person, singular], runera [future, indicative, singular, third-person], runerons [first-person, future, indicative, plural], runeroiz [future, indicative, plural, second-person], runereiz [future, indicative, plural, second-person], runerez [future, indicative, plural, second-person], runeront [future, indicative, plural, third-person], runeroie [conditional, first-person, singular], runereie [conditional, first-person, singular], runeroies [conditional, second-person, singular], runereies [conditional, second-person, singular], runeroit [conditional, singular, third-person], runereit [conditional, singular, third-person], runeriiens [conditional, first-person, plural], runeriens [conditional, first-person, plural], runeriiez [conditional, plural, second-person], runeriez [conditional, plural, second-person], runeroient [conditional, plural, third-person], runereient [conditional, plural, third-person], present tense of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, present], imperfect tense of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect], preterite tense of avoir + past participle [anterior, indicative, multiword-construction, past], future tense of avoir + past participle [future, indicative, multiword-construction, perfect], conditional tense of avoir + past participle [conditional, multiword-construction, perfect], run [first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], runs [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], runt [present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], runons [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], runez [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], runent [plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], runasse [first-person, imperfect, singular, subjunctive], runasses [imperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], runast [imperfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], runissons [first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], runissiens [first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], runissoiz [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], runissez [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], runissiez [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], runassent [imperfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], present subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, past, subjunctive], imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, pluperfect, subjunctive], rune [imperative, second-person, singular], runons [first-person, imperative, plural], runez [imperative, plural, second-person]
  1. To whisper, murmur.
    Sense id: en-runer-fro-verb-VqiLmvMD Categories (other): Old French verbs with weak-a preterite Disambiguation of Old French verbs with weak-a preterite: 15 20 8 10 15 17 15
  2. To mumble; intone in a low voice.
    Sense id: en-runer-fro-verb-uuwmIMUH Categories (other): Old French verbs ending in -er, Old French verbs with weak-a preterite Disambiguation of Old French verbs ending in -er: 14 30 24 8 6 8 10 Disambiguation of Old French verbs with weak-a preterite: 15 20 8 10 15 17 15
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: rune 
{
  "etymology_templates": [
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      "expansion": "Germanic",
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      "args": {
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        "3": "*rūnen, *rūnōn",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to whisper"
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      "name": "bor"
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      "args": {
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        "4": "to whisper"
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  "etymology_text": "Germanic, from Frankish *rūnen, *rūnōn (“to whisper”), from Proto-Germanic *rūnōną (“to talk secrets, whisper, decide”), *raunijaną (“to investigate, examine, prove”), from Proto-Indo-European *(e)rewə-, *(e)rwō- (“to trace, find out, look out”). Cognate with Old High German rūnen, rūnōn (“to whisper, murmur”), Old English rūnian (“to whisper”). More at round.",
  "forms": [
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      "form": "runoe",
      "source": "conjugation",
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        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
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    },
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      "form": "runeve",
      "source": "conjugation",
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        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
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      "form": "runoies",
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      "form": "runeies",
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        "second-person",
        "singular"
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      "form": "runoes",
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      "form": "runeves",
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        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
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      "form": "runoit",
      "source": "conjugation",
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        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
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    },
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      "form": "runeit",
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        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
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      "form": "runot",
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        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
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      "form": "runeve",
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        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
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      "form": "runiiens",
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        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
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      "form": "runiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
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        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
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      "form": "runiiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
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        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
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    },
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      "form": "runiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
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        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
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    },
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        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
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      "form": "runeient",
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        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
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      "form": "runoent",
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        "plural",
        "third-person"
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      "form": "runevent",
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        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
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    },
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      "form": "runai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runas",
      "source": "conjugation",
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        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
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    },
    {
      "form": "runa",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runames",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runastes",
      "source": "conjugation",
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        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
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      "form": "runerent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runerai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
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    },
    {
      "form": "runeras",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
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    },
    {
      "form": "runera",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runerons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runeroiz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runereiz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runerez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runeront",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runeroie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runereie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runeroies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runereies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runeroit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runereit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runeriiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runeriens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runeriiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runeriez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runeroient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runereient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "preterite tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "run",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runs",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runasse",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runasses",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runast",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runissons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runissiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runissoiz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runissez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runissiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runassent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rune",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "verb"
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    }
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  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "fro-conj-er"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old French",
  "lang_code": "fro",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "rune"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "15 20 8 10 15 17 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French verbs with weak-a preterite",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To whisper, murmur."
      ],
      "id": "en-runer-fro-verb-VqiLmvMD",
      "links": [
        [
          "whisper",
          "whisper"
        ],
        [
          "murmur",
          "murmur"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "14 30 24 8 6 8 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French verbs ending in -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 20 8 10 15 17 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French verbs with weak-a preterite",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To mumble; intone in a low voice."
      ],
      "id": "en-runer-fro-verb-uuwmIMUH",
      "links": [
        [
          "mumble",
          "mumble"
        ],
        [
          "intone",
          "intone"
        ],
        [
          "voice",
          "voice"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "runer"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old French first group verbs",
    "Old French lemmas",
    "Old French terms borrowed from Frankish",
    "Old French terms derived from Frankish",
    "Old French terms derived from Germanic languages",
    "Old French terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Old French undefined derivations",
    "Old French verbs",
    "Old French verbs ending in -er",
    "Old French verbs with weak-a preterite",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "gem",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Germanic",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*rūnen, *rūnōn",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to whisper"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *rūnen, *rūnōn (“to whisper”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*rūnōną",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to talk secrets, whisper, decide"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rūnōną (“to talk secrets, whisper, decide”)",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(e)rewə-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(e)rewə-",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "rūnen"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German rūnen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "rūnian",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to whisper"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English rūnian (“to whisper”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Germanic, from Frankish *rūnen, *rūnōn (“to whisper”), from Proto-Germanic *rūnōną (“to talk secrets, whisper, decide”), *raunijaną (“to investigate, examine, prove”), from Proto-Indo-European *(e)rewə-, *(e)rwō- (“to trace, find out, look out”). Cognate with Old High German rūnen, rūnōn (“to whisper, murmur”), Old English rūnian (“to whisper”). More at round.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fro-conj-er",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runer",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir runé",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "en runant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gerund of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runé",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "run",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rune",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runoie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runeie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runoe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runeve",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runoies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runeies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runoes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runeves",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runoit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runeit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runeve",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runiiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runiiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runoient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runeient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runoent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runevent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runas",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runa",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runames",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runastes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runerent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runerai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runeras",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runera",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runerons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runeroiz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runereiz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runerez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runeront",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runeroie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runereie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runeroies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runereies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runeroit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runereit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runeriiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runeriens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runeriiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runeriez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runeroient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runereient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "preterite tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "run",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runs",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runasse",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runasses",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runast",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runissons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runissiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runissoiz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runissez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runissiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runassent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rune",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "runez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "runer",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "fro-conj-er"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old French",
  "lang_code": "fro",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "rune"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To whisper, murmur."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "whisper",
          "whisper"
        ],
        [
          "murmur",
          "murmur"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To mumble; intone in a low voice."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mumble",
          "mumble"
        ],
        [
          "intone",
          "intone"
        ],
        [
          "voice",
          "voice"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "runer"
}

Download raw JSONL data for runer meaning in Old French (11.2kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.