"passer" meaning in Old French

See passer in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: From Vulgar Latin *passāre, derived from Latin passus (“step”, noun). Etymology templates: {{inh|fro|VL.|*passo|*passāre}} Vulgar Latin *passāre, {{der|fro|la|passus|pos=n|t=step}} Latin passus (“step”, noun) Head templates: {{head|fro|verb}} passer Inflection templates: {{fro-conj-er}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], passer [infinitive], avoir passé [infinitive, multiword-construction], en passant [gerund], gerund of avoir + past participle [gerund, multiword-construction], passant [participle, present], passé [participle, past], pas [first-person, indicative, present, singular], passes [indicative, present, second-person, singular], passe [indicative, present, singular, third-person], passons [first-person, indicative, plural, present], passez [indicative, plural, present, second-person], passent [indicative, plural, present, third-person], passoie [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], passeie [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], passoe [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], passeve [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], passoies [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], passeies [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], passoes [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], passeves [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], passoit [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], passeit [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], passot [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], passeve [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], passiiens [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], passiens [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], passiiez [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], passiez [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], passoient [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], passeient [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], passoent [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], passevent [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], passai [first-person, indicative, preterite, singular], passas [indicative, preterite, second-person, singular], passa [indicative, preterite, singular, third-person], passames [first-person, indicative, plural, preterite], passastes [indicative, plural, preterite, second-person], passerent [indicative, plural, preterite, third-person], passerai [first-person, future, indicative, singular], passeras [future, indicative, second-person, singular], passera [future, indicative, singular, third-person], passerons [first-person, future, indicative, plural], passeroiz [future, indicative, plural, second-person], passereiz [future, indicative, plural, second-person], passerez [future, indicative, plural, second-person], passeront [future, indicative, plural, third-person], passeroie [conditional, first-person, singular], passereie [conditional, first-person, singular], passeroies [conditional, second-person, singular], passereies [conditional, second-person, singular], passeroit [conditional, singular, third-person], passereit [conditional, singular, third-person], passeriiens [conditional, first-person, plural], passeriens [conditional, first-person, plural], passeriiez [conditional, plural, second-person], passeriez [conditional, plural, second-person], passeroient [conditional, plural, third-person], passereient [conditional, plural, third-person], present tense of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, present], imperfect tense of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect], preterite tense of avoir + past participle [anterior, indicative, multiword-construction, past], future tense of avoir + past participle [future, indicative, multiword-construction, perfect], conditional tense of avoir + past participle [conditional, multiword-construction, perfect], pas [first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], pas [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], past [present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], passons [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], passez [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], passent [plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], passasse [first-person, imperfect, singular, subjunctive], passasses [imperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], passast [imperfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], passissons [first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], passissiens [first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], passissoiz [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], passissez [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], passissiez [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], passassent [imperfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], present subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, past, subjunctive], imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, pluperfect, subjunctive], passe [imperative, second-person, singular], passons [first-person, imperative, plural], passez [imperative, plural, second-person]
  1. to pass; to pass by
    Sense id: en-passer-fro-verb-yX7Y1eu3 Categories (other): Old French entries with incorrect language header, Old French verbs ending in -er, Old French verbs with weak-a preterite, Pages with 9 entries, Pages with entries

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Alemannic German",
              "lang_code": "gsw",
              "raw_tags": [
                "borrowed"
              ],
              "word": "passiere"
            },
            {
              "lang": "German",
              "lang_code": "de",
              "raw_tags": [
                "borrowed"
              ],
              "word": "passieren"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Romanian",
              "lang_code": "ro",
              "raw_tags": [
                "borrowed"
              ],
              "word": "pasa"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Romanian",
              "lang_code": "ro",
              "raw_tags": [
                "borrowed",
                "semantic loan",
                "semantic loan"
              ],
              "word": "trece"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "French",
          "lang_code": "fr",
          "word": "passer"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle French",
      "lang_code": "frm",
      "word": "passer"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Norman",
      "lang_code": "nrm",
      "word": "pâsser"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Norman",
      "lang_code": "nrm",
      "word": "pâssaïr"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "lang_code": "nl",
          "word": "passen"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Dutch",
      "lang_code": "dum",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "passen"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "pass"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "pace"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "pass"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Yola",
          "lang_code": "yol",
          "tags": [
            "preterite"
          ],
          "word": "paaced"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "passen"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "pass"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "pace"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "pass"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Yola",
          "lang_code": "yol",
          "tags": [
            "preterite"
          ],
          "word": "paaced"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "pasen"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "pass"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "pace"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "pass"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Yola",
          "lang_code": "yol",
          "tags": [
            "preterite"
          ],
          "word": "paaced"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "pacen"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "word": "passen"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle High German",
      "lang_code": "gmh",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "passen"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "VL.",
        "3": "*passo",
        "4": "*passāre"
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *passāre",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "passus",
        "pos": "n",
        "t": "step"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin passus (“step”, noun)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Vulgar Latin *passāre, derived from Latin passus (“step”, noun).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fro-conj-er",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passer",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir passé",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "en passant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gerund of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passé",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pas",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passoie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passeie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passoe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passeve",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passoies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passeies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passoes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passeves",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passoit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passeit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passeve",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passiiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passiiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passoient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passeient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passoent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passevent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passas",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passa",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passames",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passastes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passerent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passerai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passeras",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passera",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passerons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passeroiz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passereiz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passerez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passeront",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passeroie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passereie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passeroies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passereies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passeroit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passereit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passeriiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passeriens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passeriiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passeriez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passeroient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passereient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "preterite tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pas",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pas",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "past",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passasse",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passasses",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passast",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passissons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passissiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passissoiz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passissez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passissiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passassent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "passer",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "fro-conj-er"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old French",
  "lang_code": "fro",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French verbs ending in -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French verbs with weak-a preterite",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 9 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to pass; to pass by"
      ],
      "id": "en-passer-fro-verb-yX7Y1eu3",
      "links": [
        [
          "pass",
          "pass"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "passer"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Alemannic German",
              "lang_code": "gsw",
              "raw_tags": [
                "borrowed"
              ],
              "word": "passiere"
            },
            {
              "lang": "German",
              "lang_code": "de",
              "raw_tags": [
                "borrowed"
              ],
              "word": "passieren"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Romanian",
              "lang_code": "ro",
              "raw_tags": [
                "borrowed"
              ],
              "word": "pasa"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Romanian",
              "lang_code": "ro",
              "raw_tags": [
                "borrowed",
                "semantic loan",
                "semantic loan"
              ],
              "word": "trece"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "French",
          "lang_code": "fr",
          "word": "passer"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle French",
      "lang_code": "frm",
      "word": "passer"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Norman",
      "lang_code": "nrm",
      "word": "pâsser"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Norman",
      "lang_code": "nrm",
      "word": "pâssaïr"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "lang_code": "nl",
          "word": "passen"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Dutch",
      "lang_code": "dum",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "passen"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "pass"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "pace"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "pass"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Yola",
          "lang_code": "yol",
          "tags": [
            "preterite"
          ],
          "word": "paaced"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "passen"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "pass"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "pace"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "pass"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Yola",
          "lang_code": "yol",
          "tags": [
            "preterite"
          ],
          "word": "paaced"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "pasen"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "pass"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "pace"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "pass"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Yola",
          "lang_code": "yol",
          "tags": [
            "preterite"
          ],
          "word": "paaced"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "pacen"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "German",
          "lang_code": "de",
          "word": "passen"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle High German",
      "lang_code": "gmh",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "passen"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "VL.",
        "3": "*passo",
        "4": "*passāre"
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *passāre",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "passus",
        "pos": "n",
        "t": "step"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin passus (“step”, noun)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Vulgar Latin *passāre, derived from Latin passus (“step”, noun).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fro-conj-er",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passer",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir passé",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "en passant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gerund of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passé",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pas",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passoie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passeie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passoe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passeve",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passoies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passeies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passoes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passeves",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passoit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passeit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passeve",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passiiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passiiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passoient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passeient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passoent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passevent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passas",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passa",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passames",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passastes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passerent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passerai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passeras",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passera",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passerons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passeroiz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passereiz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passerez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passeront",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passeroie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passereie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passeroies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passereies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passeroit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passereit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passeriiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passeriens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passeriiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passeriez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passeroient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passereient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "preterite tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pas",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pas",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "past",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passasse",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passasses",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passast",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passissons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passissiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passissoiz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passissez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passissiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passassent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "passez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "passer",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "fro-conj-er"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old French",
  "lang_code": "fro",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
        "Old French first group verbs",
        "Old French lemmas",
        "Old French terms derived from Latin",
        "Old French terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
        "Old French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin",
        "Old French verbs",
        "Old French verbs ending in -er",
        "Old French verbs with weak-a preterite",
        "Pages with 9 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to pass; to pass by"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "pass",
          "pass"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "passer"
}

Download raw JSONL data for passer meaning in Old French (12.2kB)

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2457",
  "msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Old French]; cleaned text: past",
  "path": [
    "passer"
  ],
  "section": "Old French",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "passer",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (ddb1505 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.