See mal in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "mal"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: mal\nFrench: mal\n→ English: mal",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: mal\nFrench: mal\n→ English: mal"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "inherited",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin",
"name": "der-lite/lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "male",
"2": "1"
},
"expansion": "m",
"name": "str left"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "male",
"2": "1"
},
"expansion": "m",
"name": "str left"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "male",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "male",
"name": "m-lite"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "male"
},
"expansion": "Latin male",
"name": "inh-lite"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin male.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "adverbs",
"3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "mal",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mal",
"name": "fro-adv"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 71 18 0 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"evilly"
],
"id": "en-mal-fro-adv-kWV18HNL",
"links": [
[
"evilly",
"evilly"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"badly; poorly"
],
"id": "en-mal-fro-adv-hcXtFnWP",
"links": [
[
"badly",
"badly"
],
[
"poorly",
"poorly"
]
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Latin language"
],
"word": "mal"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "mal"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: mal\nFrench: mal\n→ English: mal",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: mal\nFrench: mal\n→ English: mal"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "inherited",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin",
"name": "der-lite/lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "malus",
"2": "1"
},
"expansion": "m",
"name": "str left"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "malus",
"2": "1"
},
"expansion": "m",
"name": "str left"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "malus",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "malus",
"name": "m-lite"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "malus"
},
"expansion": "Latin malus",
"name": "inh-lite"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin malus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mal oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "maus",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "max",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mals",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "maus",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "max",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mals",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mal",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "mal oblique singular, m (oblique plural maus or max or mals, nominative singular maus or max or mals, nominative plural mal)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"evil"
],
"id": "en-mal-fro-noun-tcH7Lvxt",
"links": [
[
"evil",
"evil"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"pain, suffering"
],
"id": "en-mal-fro-noun-qO2aUnPb",
"links": [
[
"pain",
"pain"
],
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
]
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Latin language"
],
"word": "mal"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "mal"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: mal\nFrench: mal\n→ English: mal",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: mal\nFrench: mal\n→ English: mal"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "inherited",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin",
"name": "der-lite/lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "malus",
"2": "1"
},
"expansion": "m",
"name": "str left"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "malus",
"2": "1"
},
"expansion": "m",
"name": "str left"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "malus",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "malus",
"name": "m-lite"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "malus"
},
"expansion": "Latin malus",
"name": "inh-lite"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin malus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "male",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peior",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "peior",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"10": "peior",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "oblique and nominative feminine singular",
"4": "male",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "comparative",
"8": "peior",
"9": "superlative",
"g": "m",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "mal m (oblique and nominative feminine singular male, comparative peior, superlative peior)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"comp": "peior",
"sup": "peior"
},
"expansion": "mal m (oblique and nominative feminine singular male, comparative peior, superlative peior)",
"name": "fro-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bad (undesirable; not good)"
],
"id": "en-mal-fro-adj-tZ34aQgB",
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Latin language"
],
"word": "mal"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old French adjectives",
"Old French adverbs",
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French masculine nouns",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Latin",
"Pages using lite templates",
"Pages with 51 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "mal"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: mal\nFrench: mal\n→ English: mal",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: mal\nFrench: mal\n→ English: mal"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "inherited",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin",
"name": "der-lite/lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "male",
"2": "1"
},
"expansion": "m",
"name": "str left"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "male",
"2": "1"
},
"expansion": "m",
"name": "str left"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "male",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "male",
"name": "m-lite"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "male"
},
"expansion": "Latin male",
"name": "inh-lite"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin male.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "adverbs",
"3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "mal",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mal",
"name": "fro-adv"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"evilly"
],
"links": [
[
"evilly",
"evilly"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"badly; poorly"
],
"links": [
[
"badly",
"badly"
],
[
"poorly",
"poorly"
]
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Latin language"
],
"word": "mal"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old French adjectives",
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French masculine nouns",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Latin",
"Pages using lite templates",
"Pages with 51 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "mal"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: mal\nFrench: mal\n→ English: mal",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: mal\nFrench: mal\n→ English: mal"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "inherited",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin",
"name": "der-lite/lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "malus",
"2": "1"
},
"expansion": "m",
"name": "str left"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "malus",
"2": "1"
},
"expansion": "m",
"name": "str left"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "malus",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "malus",
"name": "m-lite"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "malus"
},
"expansion": "Latin malus",
"name": "inh-lite"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin malus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mal oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "maus",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "max",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mals",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "maus",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "max",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mals",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mal",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "mal oblique singular, m (oblique plural maus or max or mals, nominative singular maus or max or mals, nominative plural mal)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"evil"
],
"links": [
[
"evil",
"evil"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"pain, suffering"
],
"links": [
[
"pain",
"pain"
],
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
]
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Latin language"
],
"word": "mal"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old French adjectives",
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French masculine nouns",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Latin",
"Pages using lite templates",
"Pages with 51 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "mal"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: mal\nFrench: mal\n→ English: mal",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: mal\nFrench: mal\n→ English: mal"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "inherited",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin",
"name": "der-lite/lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "malus",
"2": "1"
},
"expansion": "m",
"name": "str left"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "malus",
"2": "1"
},
"expansion": "m",
"name": "str left"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "malus",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "malus",
"name": "m-lite"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "malus"
},
"expansion": "Latin malus",
"name": "inh-lite"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin malus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "male",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peior",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "peior",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"10": "peior",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "oblique and nominative feminine singular",
"4": "male",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "comparative",
"8": "peior",
"9": "superlative",
"g": "m",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "mal m (oblique and nominative feminine singular male, comparative peior, superlative peior)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"comp": "peior",
"sup": "peior"
},
"expansion": "mal m (oblique and nominative feminine singular male, comparative peior, superlative peior)",
"name": "fro-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bad (undesirable; not good)"
],
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Latin language"
],
"word": "mal"
}
Download raw JSONL data for mal meaning in Old French (5.7kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'mal oblique singular or', originally 'mal oblique singular or m'",
"path": [
"mal"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "mal",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'mal oblique singular or', originally 'mal oblique singular or m'",
"path": [
"mal"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "mal",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['masculine', 'canonical']: 'mal oblique singular or' in 'mal oblique singular, m (oblique plural maus or max or mals, nominative singular maus or max or mals, nominative plural mal)'",
"path": [
"mal"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "mal",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.