See joe in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "joue"
},
"expansion": "French: joue",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: joue"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "joe",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Norman: joe, jaue, jouoe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norman: joe, jaue, jouoe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wa",
"2": "gawe"
},
"expansion": "Walloon: gawe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Walloon: gawe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "joue",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: joue, goue, jovwe, jowwe, jaue, jeaue, geoue\nEnglish: jaw",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: joue, goue, jovwe, jowwe, jaue, jeaue, geoue\nEnglish: jaw"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*gauta",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *gauta",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*gauta"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Vulgar Latin *gauta",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Vulgar Latin *gauta. Attested from ca. 1100 onwards.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "joe oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "joes",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "joe",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "joes",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "joe oblique singular, f (oblique plural joes, nominative singular joe, nominative plural joes)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "fro",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "fro:Anatomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"All topics",
"Health",
"Fundamental",
"Body"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cheek"
],
"id": "en-joe-fro-noun-NUmyogXm",
"links": [
[
"cheek",
"cheek"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "fro",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "fro:Anatomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"All topics",
"Health",
"Fundamental",
"Body"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"jaw"
],
"id": "en-joe-fro-noun-9pXnGrOB",
"links": [
[
"jaw",
"jaw"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈd͡ʒɔðə/",
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈd͡ʒɔə/",
"note": "classical"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʒuə/",
"note": "late"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "jode"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "archaic or orthographically archaizing",
"word": "joude"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "joue"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "jouue"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "jowe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "forms reflecting introduction of antihiatic /w/, raising of /ɔ/ to /u/, or both",
"word": "jouwe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "goe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "goue"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gouhe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "⟨g⟩ either genuine northern /ɡ/ or Anglo-Norman graphy for /d͡ʒ/",
"word": "gowe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "joewe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "jewe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "joie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "joye"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "yoe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "unusual; some forms may reflect [ɔw]~[ɔj] interchange; ⟨y⟩ prob. alt. graphy for /d͡ʒ/",
"word": "giue"
}
],
"word": "joe"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French feminine nouns",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"fro:Anatomy"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "joue"
},
"expansion": "French: joue",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: joue"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "joe",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Norman: joe, jaue, jouoe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norman: joe, jaue, jouoe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wa",
"2": "gawe"
},
"expansion": "Walloon: gawe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Walloon: gawe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "joue",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: joue, goue, jovwe, jowwe, jaue, jeaue, geoue\nEnglish: jaw",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: joue, goue, jovwe, jowwe, jaue, jeaue, geoue\nEnglish: jaw"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*gauta",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *gauta",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*gauta"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Vulgar Latin *gauta",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Vulgar Latin *gauta. Attested from ca. 1100 onwards.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "joe oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "joes",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "joe",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "joes",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "joe oblique singular, f (oblique plural joes, nominative singular joe, nominative plural joes)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"cheek"
],
"links": [
[
"cheek",
"cheek"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"jaw"
],
"links": [
[
"jaw",
"jaw"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈd͡ʒɔðə/",
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈd͡ʒɔə/",
"note": "classical"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʒuə/",
"note": "late"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "jode"
},
{
"alt": "archaic or orthographically archaizing",
"word": "joude"
},
{
"word": "joue"
},
{
"word": "jouue"
},
{
"word": "jowe"
},
{
"alt": "forms reflecting introduction of antihiatic /w/, raising of /ɔ/ to /u/, or both",
"word": "jouwe"
},
{
"word": "goe"
},
{
"word": "goue"
},
{
"word": "gouhe"
},
{
"alt": "⟨g⟩ either genuine northern /ɡ/ or Anglo-Norman graphy for /d͡ʒ/",
"word": "gowe"
},
{
"word": "joewe"
},
{
"word": "jewe"
},
{
"word": "joie"
},
{
"word": "joye"
},
{
"word": "yoe"
},
{
"alt": "unusual; some forms may reflect [ɔw]~[ɔj] interchange; ⟨y⟩ prob. alt. graphy for /d͡ʒ/",
"word": "giue"
}
],
"word": "joe"
}
Download raw JSONL data for joe meaning in Old French (2.9kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'joe oblique singular or', originally 'joe oblique singular or f'",
"path": [
"joe"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "joe",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'joe oblique singular or', originally 'joe oblique singular or f'",
"path": [
"joe"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "joe",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['feminine', 'canonical']: 'joe oblique singular or' in 'joe oblique singular, f (oblique plural joes, nominative singular joe, nominative plural joes)'",
"path": [
"joe"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "joe",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (f889f65 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.