"estovoir" meaning in Old French

See estovoir in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Forms: estovoir oblique singular or [canonical, masculine], estovoirs [oblique, plural], estovoirs [nominative, singular], estovoir [nominative, plural]
Etymology: From Latin est opus + the French verbal suffix -oir, from Latin -ēre. Compare the Old Spanish idiom huebos (me) es. Etymology templates: {{inh|fro|la|est opus}} Latin est opus Head templates: {{fro-noun|m}} estovoir oblique singular, m (oblique plural estovoirs, nominative singular estovoirs, nominative plural estovoir)
  1. obligation
    Sense id: en-estovoir-fro-noun-35opqbSe Categories (other): Old French entries with incorrect language header, Old French verbs ending in -oir, Old French verbs with stem alternations, Old French verbs with strong-u preterite, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Old French entries with incorrect language header: 67 33 Disambiguation of Old French verbs ending in -oir: 92 8 Disambiguation of Old French verbs with stem alternations: 92 8 Disambiguation of Old French verbs with strong-u preterite: 70 30 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 80 20 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 93 7
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: estuveir, estoveir, estover

Verb

Etymology: From Latin est opus + the French verbal suffix -oir, from Latin -ēre. Compare the Old Spanish idiom huebos (me) es. Etymology templates: {{inh|fro|la|est opus}} Latin est opus Head templates: {{head|fro|verb}} estovoir Inflection templates: {{fro-conj-iii|impers=yes|pastp=esteü|press=estuev|pret=est|prettype=strong-u|sub3s=estuisse,estuist,estuece}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], estovoir [infinitive], avoir esteü [infinitive, multiword-construction], en estovant [gerund], gerund of avoir + past participle [gerund, multiword-construction], estovant [participle, present], esteü [participle, past], - [first-person, indicative, present, singular], - [indicative, present, second-person, singular], estuet [indicative, present, singular, third-person], - [first-person, indicative, plural, present], - [indicative, plural, present, second-person], - [indicative, plural, present, third-person], - [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], - [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], estovoit [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], estoveit [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], - [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], - [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], - [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], - [first-person, indicative, preterite, singular], - [indicative, preterite, second-person, singular], estut [indicative, preterite, singular, third-person], - [first-person, indicative, plural, preterite], - [indicative, plural, preterite, second-person], - [indicative, plural, preterite, third-person], - [first-person, future, indicative, singular], - [future, indicative, second-person, singular], estovra [future, indicative, singular, third-person], - [first-person, future, indicative, plural], - [future, indicative, plural, second-person], - [future, indicative, plural, third-person], - [conditional, first-person, singular], - [conditional, second-person, singular], estovroit [conditional, singular, third-person], estovreit [conditional, singular, third-person], - [conditional, first-person, plural], - [conditional, plural, second-person], - [conditional, plural, third-person], present tense of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, present], imperfect tense of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect], preterite tense of avoir + past participle [anterior, indicative, multiword-construction, past], future tense of avoir + past participle [future, indicative, multiword-construction, perfect], conditional tense of avoir + past participle [conditional, multiword-construction, perfect], - [first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], - [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], estuisse [present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], estuist [present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], estuece [present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], - [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], - [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], - [plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], - [first-person, imperfect, singular, subjunctive], - [imperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], esteüst [imperfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], - [first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], - [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], - [imperfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], present subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, past, subjunctive], imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, pluperfect, subjunctive], - [imperative, second-person, singular], - [first-person, imperative, plural], - [imperative, plural, second-person]
  1. (impersonal) to be necessary Tags: impersonal
    Sense id: en-estovoir-fro-verb-gP7Rm-JP
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: estuveir, estoveir, estover

Alternative forms

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "est opus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin est opus",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin est opus + the French verbal suffix -oir, from Latin -ēre. Compare the Old Spanish idiom huebos (me) es.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fro-conj-iii",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "estovoir",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir esteü",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "en estovant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gerund of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "estovant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esteü",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "estuet",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "estovoit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "estoveit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "estut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "estovra",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "estovroit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "estovreit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "preterite tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "estuisse",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "estuist",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "estuece",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esteüst",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "estovoir",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "impers": "yes",
        "pastp": "esteü",
        "press": "estuev",
        "pret": "est",
        "prettype": "strong-u",
        "sub3s": "estuisse,estuist,estuece"
      },
      "name": "fro-conj-iii"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old French",
  "lang_code": "fro",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "to be necessary"
      ],
      "id": "en-estovoir-fro-verb-gP7Rm-JP",
      "links": [
        [
          "necessary",
          "necessary"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(impersonal) to be necessary"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "impersonal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "estuveir"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "estoveir"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "estover"
    }
  ],
  "word": "estovoir"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "est opus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin est opus",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin est opus + the French verbal suffix -oir, from Latin -ēre. Compare the Old Spanish idiom huebos (me) es.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "estovoir oblique singular or",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "estovoirs",
      "tags": [
        "oblique",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "estovoirs",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "estovoir",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "estovoir oblique singular, m (oblique plural estovoirs, nominative singular estovoirs, nominative plural estovoir)",
      "name": "fro-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old French",
  "lang_code": "fro",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "67 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "92 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French verbs ending in -oir",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "92 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French verbs with stem alternations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "70 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French verbs with strong-u preterite",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "80 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "93 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "obligation"
      ],
      "id": "en-estovoir-fro-noun-35opqbSe",
      "links": [
        [
          "obligation",
          "obligation"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "estuveir"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "estoveir"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "estover"
    }
  ],
  "word": "estovoir"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old French impersonal verbs",
    "Old French irregular verbs",
    "Old French lemmas",
    "Old French masculine nouns",
    "Old French nouns",
    "Old French terms derived from Latin",
    "Old French terms inherited from Latin",
    "Old French third group verbs",
    "Old French verbs",
    "Old French verbs ending in -oir",
    "Old French verbs with stem alternations",
    "Old French verbs with strong-u preterite",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "est opus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin est opus",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin est opus + the French verbal suffix -oir, from Latin -ēre. Compare the Old Spanish idiom huebos (me) es.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fro-conj-iii",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "estovoir",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir esteü",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "en estovant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gerund of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "estovant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esteü",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "estuet",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "estovoit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "estoveit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "estut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "estovra",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "estovroit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "estovreit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "preterite tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "estuisse",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "estuist",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "estuece",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esteüst",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "estovoir",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "impers": "yes",
        "pastp": "esteü",
        "press": "estuev",
        "pret": "est",
        "prettype": "strong-u",
        "sub3s": "estuisse,estuist,estuece"
      },
      "name": "fro-conj-iii"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old French",
  "lang_code": "fro",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old French impersonal verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be necessary"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "necessary",
          "necessary"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(impersonal) to be necessary"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "impersonal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "estuveir"
    },
    {
      "word": "estoveir"
    },
    {
      "word": "estover"
    }
  ],
  "word": "estovoir"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old French impersonal verbs",
    "Old French irregular verbs",
    "Old French lemmas",
    "Old French masculine nouns",
    "Old French nouns",
    "Old French terms derived from Latin",
    "Old French terms inherited from Latin",
    "Old French third group verbs",
    "Old French verbs",
    "Old French verbs ending in -oir",
    "Old French verbs with stem alternations",
    "Old French verbs with strong-u preterite",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "est opus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin est opus",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin est opus + the French verbal suffix -oir, from Latin -ēre. Compare the Old Spanish idiom huebos (me) es.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "estovoir oblique singular or",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "estovoirs",
      "tags": [
        "oblique",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "estovoirs",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "estovoir",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "estovoir oblique singular, m (oblique plural estovoirs, nominative singular estovoirs, nominative plural estovoir)",
      "name": "fro-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old French",
  "lang_code": "fro",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "obligation"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "obligation",
          "obligation"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "estuveir"
    },
    {
      "word": "estoveir"
    },
    {
      "word": "estover"
    }
  ],
  "word": "estovoir"
}

Download raw JSONL data for estovoir meaning in Old French (9.4kB)

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
  "msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'estovoir oblique singular or', originally 'estovoir oblique singular or m'",
  "path": [
    "estovoir"
  ],
  "section": "Old French",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "estovoir",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
  "msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'estovoir oblique singular or', originally 'estovoir oblique singular or m'",
  "path": [
    "estovoir"
  ],
  "section": "Old French",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "estovoir",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
  "msg": "suspicious related form tags ['masculine', 'canonical']: 'estovoir oblique singular or' in 'estovoir oblique singular, m (oblique plural estovoirs, nominative singular estovoirs, nominative plural estovoir)'",
  "path": [
    "estovoir"
  ],
  "section": "Old French",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "estovoir",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.