"esfreer" meaning in Old French

See esfreer in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /esfɾeˈðeːɾ/ [archaic], /efɾe(j)ˈeːɾ/ (note: classical), /-ojˈeːɾ/ (note: classical), /a-/ (note: classical)
Etymology: Inherited from Vulgar Latin *exfridāre. Attested in the Passion du Christ. Etymology templates: {{dercat|fro|frk}}, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|fro|VL.|*exfrido|*exfridāre||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Vulgar Latin *exfridāre, {{inh+|fro|VL.|*exfrido|*exfridāre}} Inherited from Vulgar Latin *exfridāre Head templates: {{head|fro|verb}} esfreer Inflection templates: {{fro-conj-er|press=esfroi}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], esfreer [infinitive], avoir esfreé [infinitive, multiword-construction], en esfreant [gerund], gerund of avoir + past participle [gerund, multiword-construction], esfreant [participle, present], esfreé [participle, past], esfroi [first-person, indicative, present, singular], esfroies [indicative, present, second-person, singular], esfroie [indicative, present, singular, third-person], esfreons [first-person, indicative, plural, present], esfreez [indicative, plural, present, second-person], esfroient [indicative, plural, present, third-person], esfreoie [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], esfreeie [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], esfreoe [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], esfreeve [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], esfreoies [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], esfreeies [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], esfreoes [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], esfreeves [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], esfreoit [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], esfreeit [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], esfreot [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], esfreeve [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], esfreïiens [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], esfreïens [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], esfreïiez [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], esfreïez [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], esfreoient [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], esfreeient [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], esfreoent [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], esfreevent [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], esfreai [first-person, indicative, preterite, singular], esfreas [indicative, preterite, second-person, singular], esfrea [indicative, preterite, singular, third-person], esfreames [first-person, indicative, plural, preterite], esfreastes [indicative, plural, preterite, second-person], esfreerent [indicative, plural, preterite, third-person], esfreerai [first-person, future, indicative, singular], esfreeras [future, indicative, second-person, singular], esfreera [future, indicative, singular, third-person], esfreerons [first-person, future, indicative, plural], esfreeroiz [future, indicative, plural, second-person], esfreereiz [future, indicative, plural, second-person], esfreerez [future, indicative, plural, second-person], esfreeront [future, indicative, plural, third-person], esfreeroie [conditional, first-person, singular], esfreereie [conditional, first-person, singular], esfreeroies [conditional, second-person, singular], esfreereies [conditional, second-person, singular], esfreeroit [conditional, singular, third-person], esfreereit [conditional, singular, third-person], esfreeriiens [conditional, first-person, plural], esfreeriens [conditional, first-person, plural], esfreeriiez [conditional, plural, second-person], esfreeriez [conditional, plural, second-person], esfreeroient [conditional, plural, third-person], esfreereient [conditional, plural, third-person], present tense of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, present], imperfect tense of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect], preterite tense of avoir + past participle [anterior, indicative, multiword-construction, past], future tense of avoir + past participle [future, indicative, multiword-construction, perfect], conditional tense of avoir + past participle [conditional, multiword-construction, perfect], esfroi [first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], esfrois [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], esfroit [present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], esfreons [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], esfreez [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], esfroient [plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], esfreasse [first-person, imperfect, singular, subjunctive], esfreasses [imperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], esfreast [imperfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], esfreïssons [first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], esfreïssiens [first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], esfreïssoiz [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], esfreïssez [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], esfreïssiez [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], esfreassent [imperfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], present subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, past, subjunctive], imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, pluperfect, subjunctive], esfroie [imperative, second-person, singular], esfreons [first-person, imperative, plural], esfreez [imperative, plural, second-person]
  1. (transitive) to scare; to frighten Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-esfreer-fro-verb-WLCLjf3e Categories (other): Old French entries with incorrect language header, Old French verbs ending in -er, Old French verbs with stem alternations, Old French verbs with weak-a preterite, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Old French entries with incorrect language header: 54 46 Disambiguation of Old French verbs ending in -er: 52 48 Disambiguation of Old French verbs with stem alternations: 53 47 Disambiguation of Old French verbs with weak-a preterite: 53 47 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 56 44 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 70 30
  2. (reflexive, s'esfreer) to be scared; to be afraid Tags: reflexive
    Sense id: en-esfreer-fro-verb-STypx1na Categories (other): Old French entries with incorrect language header, Old French verbs ending in -er, Old French verbs with stem alternations, Old French verbs with weak-a preterite Disambiguation of Old French entries with incorrect language header: 54 46 Disambiguation of Old French verbs ending in -er: 52 48 Disambiguation of Old French verbs with stem alternations: 53 47 Disambiguation of Old French verbs with weak-a preterite: 53 47
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: esfreder [archaic], esfreier, effreer, esfrer, esfroier, effroier, afrayer, affraer, affraier

Alternative forms

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "frm",
            "2": "effrayer",
            "3": "effraer",
            "4": "effreer",
            "5": "effroyer"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle French: effrayer, effraer, effreer, effroyer",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle French: effrayer, effraer, effreer, effroyer"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "effrayer"
          },
          "expansion": "French: effrayer",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: effrayer"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nrf",
            "2": "affrayer"
          },
          "expansion": "Norman: affrayer",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norman: affrayer"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pcd",
            "2": "effrayeu",
            "3": "èfroûyeu",
            "qq2": "Athois"
          },
          "expansion": "Picard: effrayeu, èfroûyeu (Athois)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Picard: effrayeu, èfroûyeu (Athois)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "wa",
            "2": "èwarer",
            "3": "sibarer",
            "4": "esbarer",
            "5": "sbarer",
            "qq1": "Liégeois"
          },
          "expansion": "Walloon: èwarer (Liégeois), sibarer, esbarer, sbarer",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Walloon: èwarer (Liégeois), sibarer, esbarer, sbarer"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "affrayen",
            "3": "affraien"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: affrayen, affraien",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "affrayed",
            "3": "affraied",
            "nolb": "1",
            "pos2": "pp."
          },
          "expansion": "affrayed, affraied (pp.)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: affrayen, affraien; affrayed, affraied (pp.)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "affray"
          },
          "expansion": "English: affray",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: affray; afraid"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "frk"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "VL.",
        "3": "*exfrido",
        "4": "*exfridāre",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *exfridāre",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "VL.",
        "3": "*exfrido",
        "4": "*exfridāre"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Vulgar Latin *exfridāre",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Vulgar Latin *exfridāre. Attested in the Passion du Christ.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fro-conj-er",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreer",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir esfreé",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "en esfreant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gerund of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreé",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfroi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfroies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfroie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfroient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreoie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreeie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreoe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreeve",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreoies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreeies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreoes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreeves",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreoit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreeit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreeve",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreïiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreïens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreïiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreïez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreoient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreeient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreoent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreevent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreas",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfrea",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreames",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreastes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreerent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreerai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreeras",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreera",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreerons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreeroiz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreereiz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreerez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreeront",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreeroie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreereie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreeroies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreereies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreeroit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreereit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreeriiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreeriens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreeriiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreeriez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreeroient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreereient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "preterite tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfroi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfrois",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfroit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfroient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreasse",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreasses",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreast",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreïssons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreïssiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreïssoiz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreïssez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreïssiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreassent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfroie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "esfreer",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "press": "esfroi"
      },
      "name": "fro-conj-er"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old French",
  "lang_code": "fro",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "54 46",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French verbs ending in -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "53 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French verbs with stem alternations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "53 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French verbs with weak-a preterite",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "56 44",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "70 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to scare; to frighten"
      ],
      "id": "en-esfreer-fro-verb-WLCLjf3e",
      "links": [
        [
          "scare",
          "scare"
        ],
        [
          "frighten",
          "frighten"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to scare; to frighten"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "54 46",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French verbs ending in -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "53 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French verbs with stem alternations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "53 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French verbs with weak-a preterite",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be scared; to be afraid"
      ],
      "id": "en-esfreer-fro-verb-STypx1na",
      "links": [
        [
          "scared",
          "scared"
        ],
        [
          "afraid",
          "afraid"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(reflexive, s'esfreer) to be scared; to be afraid"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reflexive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/esfɾeˈðeːɾ/",
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/efɾe(j)ˈeːɾ/",
      "note": "classical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-ojˈeːɾ/",
      "note": "classical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/a-/",
      "note": "classical"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "word": "esfreder"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "esfreier"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "effreer"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "esfrer"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "esfroier"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "effroier"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "afrayer"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "affraer"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "affraier"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "fr:Passion_du_Christ_(Clermont)"
  ],
  "word": "esfreer"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old French first group verbs",
    "Old French irregular verbs",
    "Old French lemmas",
    "Old French terms derived from Frankish",
    "Old French terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
    "Old French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin",
    "Old French verbs",
    "Old French verbs ending in -er",
    "Old French verbs with stem alternations",
    "Old French verbs with weak-a preterite",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "frm",
            "2": "effrayer",
            "3": "effraer",
            "4": "effreer",
            "5": "effroyer"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle French: effrayer, effraer, effreer, effroyer",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle French: effrayer, effraer, effreer, effroyer"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "effrayer"
          },
          "expansion": "French: effrayer",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: effrayer"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nrf",
            "2": "affrayer"
          },
          "expansion": "Norman: affrayer",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norman: affrayer"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pcd",
            "2": "effrayeu",
            "3": "èfroûyeu",
            "qq2": "Athois"
          },
          "expansion": "Picard: effrayeu, èfroûyeu (Athois)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Picard: effrayeu, èfroûyeu (Athois)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "wa",
            "2": "èwarer",
            "3": "sibarer",
            "4": "esbarer",
            "5": "sbarer",
            "qq1": "Liégeois"
          },
          "expansion": "Walloon: èwarer (Liégeois), sibarer, esbarer, sbarer",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Walloon: èwarer (Liégeois), sibarer, esbarer, sbarer"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "affrayen",
            "3": "affraien"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: affrayen, affraien",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "affrayed",
            "3": "affraied",
            "nolb": "1",
            "pos2": "pp."
          },
          "expansion": "affrayed, affraied (pp.)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: affrayen, affraien; affrayed, affraied (pp.)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "affray"
          },
          "expansion": "English: affray",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: affray; afraid"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "frk"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "VL.",
        "3": "*exfrido",
        "4": "*exfridāre",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *exfridāre",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "VL.",
        "3": "*exfrido",
        "4": "*exfridāre"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Vulgar Latin *exfridāre",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Vulgar Latin *exfridāre. Attested in the Passion du Christ.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fro-conj-er",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreer",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir esfreé",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "en esfreant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gerund of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreé",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfroi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfroies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfroie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfroient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreoie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreeie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreoe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreeve",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreoies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreeies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreoes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreeves",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreoit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreeit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreeve",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreïiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreïens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreïiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreïez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreoient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreeient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreoent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreevent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreas",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfrea",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreames",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreastes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreerent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreerai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreeras",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreera",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreerons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreeroiz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreereiz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreerez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreeront",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreeroie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreereie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreeroies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreereies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreeroit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreereit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreeriiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreeriens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreeriiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreeriez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreeroient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreereient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "preterite tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfroi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfrois",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfroit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfroient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreasse",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreasses",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreast",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreïssons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreïssiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreïssoiz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreïssez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreïssiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreassent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfroie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfreez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "esfreer",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "press": "esfroi"
      },
      "name": "fro-conj-er"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old French",
  "lang_code": "fro",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old French transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to scare; to frighten"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "scare",
          "scare"
        ],
        [
          "frighten",
          "frighten"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to scare; to frighten"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old French reflexive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be scared; to be afraid"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "scared",
          "scared"
        ],
        [
          "afraid",
          "afraid"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(reflexive, s'esfreer) to be scared; to be afraid"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reflexive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/esfɾeˈðeːɾ/",
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/efɾe(j)ˈeːɾ/",
      "note": "classical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-ojˈeːɾ/",
      "note": "classical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/a-/",
      "note": "classical"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "word": "esfreder"
    },
    {
      "word": "esfreier"
    },
    {
      "word": "effreer"
    },
    {
      "word": "esfrer"
    },
    {
      "word": "esfroier"
    },
    {
      "word": "effroier"
    },
    {
      "word": "afrayer"
    },
    {
      "word": "affraer"
    },
    {
      "word": "affraier"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "fr:Passion_du_Christ_(Clermont)"
  ],
  "word": "esfreer"
}

Download raw JSONL data for esfreer meaning in Old French (13.0kB)

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: reflexive, s'esfreer",
  "path": [
    "esfreer"
  ],
  "section": "Old French",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "esfreer",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: reflexive, s'esfreer",
  "path": [
    "esfreer"
  ],
  "section": "Old French",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "esfreer",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (05fdf6b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.