"entreprendre" meaning in Old French

See entreprendre in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: From entre + prendre, by calque of Frankish *underneman (“to undertake”), from *under (“between, among”) + *neman (“to take”). Compare Old High German untarneman (“undertake”) (German Unternehmen), Old English underniman (“undertake”), Dutch ondernemen (“undertake”). Etymology templates: {{af|fro|entre|prendre}} entre + prendre, {{calque|fro|frk|*underneman||to undertake|nocap=1}} calque of Frankish *underneman (“to undertake”), {{cog|goh|untarneman||undertake}} Old High German untarneman (“undertake”), {{cog|de|Unternehmen}} German Unternehmen, {{cog|ang|underniman||undertake}} Old English underniman (“undertake”), {{cog|nl|ondernemen||undertake}} Dutch ondernemen (“undertake”) Head templates: {{head|fro|verb}} entreprendre Inflection templates: {{fro-conj-prendre|entre}}, {{fro-conj-iii|pastp=pris|prefix=entre|pres=pren|pres1s=preing,pren|pres2s=prenz|prets=pri|prettype=strong-sd|pretu=pre|repl=|sub2=///preigniens,preignons/preigniez/|subs=preign}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], entreprendre [infinitive], avoir entrepris [infinitive, multiword-construction], en entreprenant [gerund], gerund of avoir + past participle [gerund, multiword-construction], entreprenant [participle, present], entrepris [participle, past], entrepreing [first-person, indicative, present, singular], entrepren [first-person, indicative, present, singular], entreprenz [indicative, present, second-person, singular], entreprent [indicative, present, singular, third-person], entreprenons [first-person, indicative, plural, present], entreprenez [indicative, plural, present, second-person], entreprenent [indicative, plural, present, third-person], entreprenoie [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], entrepreneie [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], entreprenoies [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], entrepreneies [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], entreprenoit [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], entrepreneit [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], entrepreniiens [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], entrepreniens [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], entrepreniiez [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], entrepreniez [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], entreprenoient [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], entrepreneient [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], entrepris [first-person, indicative, preterite, singular], entrepreṣis [indicative, preterite, second-person, singular], entreprist [indicative, preterite, singular, third-person], entrepreṣimes [first-person, indicative, plural, preterite], entrepreṣistes [indicative, plural, preterite, second-person], entreprisdrent [indicative, plural, preterite, third-person], entreprendrai [first-person, future, indicative, singular], entreprendras [future, indicative, second-person, singular], entreprendra [future, indicative, singular, third-person], entreprendrons [first-person, future, indicative, plural], entreprendroiz [future, indicative, plural, second-person], entreprendreiz [future, indicative, plural, second-person], entreprendrez [future, indicative, plural, second-person], entreprendront [future, indicative, plural, third-person], entreprendroie [conditional, first-person, singular], entreprendreie [conditional, first-person, singular], entreprendroies [conditional, second-person, singular], entreprendreies [conditional, second-person, singular], entreprendroit [conditional, singular, third-person], entreprendreit [conditional, singular, third-person], entreprendriiens [conditional, first-person, plural], entreprendriens [conditional, first-person, plural], entreprendriiez [conditional, plural, second-person], entreprendriez [conditional, plural, second-person], entreprendroient [conditional, plural, third-person], entreprendreient [conditional, plural, third-person], present tense of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, present], imperfect tense of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect], preterite tense of avoir + past participle [anterior, indicative, multiword-construction, past], future tense of avoir + past participle [future, indicative, multiword-construction, perfect], conditional tense of avoir + past participle [conditional, multiword-construction, perfect], entrepreigne [first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], entrepreignes [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], entrepreigne [present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], entreprenons [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], entrepreigniens [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], entrepreignons [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], entreprenez [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], entrepreigniez [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], entrepreignent [plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], entrepreṣisse [first-person, imperfect, singular, subjunctive], entrepreṣisses [imperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], entrepreṣist [imperfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], entrepreṣissons [first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], entrepreṣissiens [first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], entrepreṣissoiz [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], entrepreṣissez [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], entrepreṣissiez [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], entrepreṣissent [imperfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], present subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, past, subjunctive], imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, pluperfect, subjunctive], entrepren [imperative, second-person, singular], entreprenons [first-person, imperative, plural], entreprenez [imperative, plural, second-person]
  1. to capture; to take; to abduct
    Sense id: en-entreprendre-fro-verb-SmnsTt6a Categories (other): Old French verbs with stem alternations, Old French verbs with strong-sd preterite Disambiguation of Old French verbs with stem alternations: 23 23 10 10 11 23 Disambiguation of Old French verbs with strong-sd preterite: 16 16 15 15 18 20
  2. to undertake (a responsibility, etc.)
    Sense id: en-entreprendre-fro-verb-bofVSl4F Categories (other): Old French verbs with stem alternations, Old French verbs with strong-sd preterite Disambiguation of Old French verbs with stem alternations: 23 23 10 10 11 23 Disambiguation of Old French verbs with strong-sd preterite: 16 16 15 15 18 20
  3. to protect
    Sense id: en-entreprendre-fro-verb-9gy7nNLb Categories (other): Old French verbs with stem alternations, Old French verbs with strong-sd preterite Disambiguation of Old French verbs with stem alternations: 23 23 10 10 11 23 Disambiguation of Old French verbs with strong-sd preterite: 16 16 15 15 18 20
  4. to take (reciprocally)
    Sense id: en-entreprendre-fro-verb-NosbiRQa Categories (other): Old French entries with incorrect language header, Old French verbs ending in -re, Old French verbs with stem alternations, Old French verbs with strong-sd preterite, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Old French entries with incorrect language header: 30 30 8 5 9 19 Disambiguation of Old French verbs ending in -re: 25 25 9 8 9 24 Disambiguation of Old French verbs with stem alternations: 23 23 10 10 11 23 Disambiguation of Old French verbs with strong-sd preterite: 16 16 15 15 18 20 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 40 40 2 2 2 13
     
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "frm",
            "2": "entreprendre"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle French: entreprendre",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle French: entreprendre"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "enterprise"
          },
          "expansion": "English: enterprise",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "borrowed from Middle French entreprise, from the verb entreprendre"
          },
          "expansion": "(borrowed from Middle French entreprise, from the verb entreprendre)",
          "name": "qualifier"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: enterprise (borrowed from Middle French entreprise, from the verb entreprendre)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "entreprendre"
          },
          "expansion": "French: entreprendre",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: entreprendre"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "entre",
        "3": "prendre"
      },
      "expansion": "entre + prendre",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*underneman",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to undertake",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "calque of Frankish *underneman (“to undertake”)",
      "name": "calque"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "untarneman",
        "3": "",
        "4": "undertake"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German untarneman (“undertake”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Unternehmen"
      },
      "expansion": "German Unternehmen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "underniman",
        "3": "",
        "4": "undertake"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English underniman (“undertake”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "ondernemen",
        "3": "",
        "4": "undertake"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch ondernemen (“undertake”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From entre + prendre, by calque of Frankish *underneman (“to undertake”), from *under (“between, among”) + *neman (“to take”). Compare Old High German untarneman (“undertake”) (German Unternehmen), Old English underniman (“undertake”), Dutch ondernemen (“undertake”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fro-conj-prendre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprendre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir entrepris",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "en entreprenant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gerund of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprenant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepris",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreing",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprenz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprenons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprenez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprenent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprenoie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreneie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprenoies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreneies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprenoit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreneit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreniiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreniens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreniiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreniez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprenoient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreneient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepris",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreṣis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprist",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreṣimes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreṣistes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprisdrent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprendrai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprendras",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprendra",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprendrons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprendroiz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprendreiz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprendrez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprendront",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprendroie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprendreie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprendroies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprendreies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprendroit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprendreit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprendriiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprendriens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprendriiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprendriez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprendroient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprendreient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "preterite tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreigne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreignes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreigne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprenons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreigniens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreignons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprenez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreigniez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreignent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreṣisse",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreṣisses",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreṣist",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreṣissons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreṣissiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreṣissoiz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreṣissez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreṣissiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreṣissent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprenons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprenez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "entreprendre",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "entre"
      },
      "name": "fro-conj-prendre"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "pastp": "pris",
        "prefix": "entre",
        "pres": "pren",
        "pres1s": "preing,pren",
        "pres2s": "prenz",
        "prets": "pri",
        "prettype": "strong-sd",
        "pretu": "pre",
        "repl": "",
        "sub2": "///preigniens,preignons/preigniez/",
        "subs": "preign"
      },
      "name": "fro-conj-iii"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old French",
  "lang_code": "fro",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "23 23 10 10 11 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French verbs with stem alternations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 16 15 15 18 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French verbs with strong-sd preterite",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to capture; to take; to abduct"
      ],
      "id": "en-entreprendre-fro-verb-SmnsTt6a",
      "links": [
        [
          "capture",
          "capture"
        ],
        [
          "take",
          "take"
        ],
        [
          "abduct",
          "abduct"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "23 23 10 10 11 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French verbs with stem alternations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 16 15 15 18 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French verbs with strong-sd preterite",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to undertake (a responsibility, etc.)"
      ],
      "id": "en-entreprendre-fro-verb-bofVSl4F",
      "links": [
        [
          "undertake",
          "undertake"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "23 23 10 10 11 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French verbs with stem alternations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 16 15 15 18 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French verbs with strong-sd preterite",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to protect"
      ],
      "id": "en-entreprendre-fro-verb-9gy7nNLb",
      "links": [
        [
          "protect",
          "protect"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "30 30 8 5 9 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 25 9 8 9 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French verbs ending in -re",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 23 10 10 11 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French verbs with stem alternations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 16 15 15 18 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French verbs with strong-sd preterite",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "40 40 2 2 2 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Then they took each other by the fingers",
          "text": "Puis s'entreprendent par les dois",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to take (reciprocally)"
      ],
      "id": "en-entreprendre-fro-verb-NosbiRQa",
      "links": [
        [
          "take",
          "take"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "entreprendre"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old French compound terms",
    "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old French irregular verbs",
    "Old French lemmas",
    "Old French terms calqued from Frankish",
    "Old French terms derived from Frankish",
    "Old French third group verbs",
    "Old French verbs",
    "Old French verbs ending in -re",
    "Old French verbs with stem alternations",
    "Old French verbs with strong-sd preterite",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "frm",
            "2": "entreprendre"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle French: entreprendre",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle French: entreprendre"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "enterprise"
          },
          "expansion": "English: enterprise",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "borrowed from Middle French entreprise, from the verb entreprendre"
          },
          "expansion": "(borrowed from Middle French entreprise, from the verb entreprendre)",
          "name": "qualifier"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: enterprise (borrowed from Middle French entreprise, from the verb entreprendre)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "entreprendre"
          },
          "expansion": "French: entreprendre",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: entreprendre"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "entre",
        "3": "prendre"
      },
      "expansion": "entre + prendre",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*underneman",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to undertake",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "calque of Frankish *underneman (“to undertake”)",
      "name": "calque"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "untarneman",
        "3": "",
        "4": "undertake"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German untarneman (“undertake”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Unternehmen"
      },
      "expansion": "German Unternehmen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "underniman",
        "3": "",
        "4": "undertake"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English underniman (“undertake”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "ondernemen",
        "3": "",
        "4": "undertake"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch ondernemen (“undertake”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From entre + prendre, by calque of Frankish *underneman (“to undertake”), from *under (“between, among”) + *neman (“to take”). Compare Old High German untarneman (“undertake”) (German Unternehmen), Old English underniman (“undertake”), Dutch ondernemen (“undertake”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fro-conj-prendre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprendre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir entrepris",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "en entreprenant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gerund of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprenant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepris",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreing",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprenz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprenons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprenez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprenent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprenoie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreneie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprenoies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreneies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprenoit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreneit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreniiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreniens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreniiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreniez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprenoient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreneient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepris",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreṣis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprist",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreṣimes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreṣistes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprisdrent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprendrai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprendras",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprendra",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprendrons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprendroiz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprendreiz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprendrez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprendront",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprendroie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprendreie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprendroies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprendreies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprendroit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprendreit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprendriiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprendriens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprendriiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprendriez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprendroient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprendreient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "preterite tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional tense of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreigne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreignes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreigne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprenons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreigniens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreignons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprenez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreigniez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreignent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreṣisse",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreṣisses",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreṣist",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreṣissons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreṣissiens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreṣissoiz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreṣissez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreṣissiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepreṣissent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entrepren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprenons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "entreprenez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "entreprendre",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "entre"
      },
      "name": "fro-conj-prendre"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "pastp": "pris",
        "prefix": "entre",
        "pres": "pren",
        "pres1s": "preing,pren",
        "pres2s": "prenz",
        "prets": "pri",
        "prettype": "strong-sd",
        "pretu": "pre",
        "repl": "",
        "sub2": "///preigniens,preignons/preigniez/",
        "subs": "preign"
      },
      "name": "fro-conj-iii"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old French",
  "lang_code": "fro",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to capture; to take; to abduct"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "capture",
          "capture"
        ],
        [
          "take",
          "take"
        ],
        [
          "abduct",
          "abduct"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to undertake (a responsibility, etc.)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "undertake",
          "undertake"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to protect"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "protect",
          "protect"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old French terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Then they took each other by the fingers",
          "text": "Puis s'entreprendent par les dois",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to take (reciprocally)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "take",
          "take"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "entreprendre"
}

Download raw JSONL data for entreprendre meaning in Old French (12.4kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (1c4b89b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.