See boul in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-fcm",
"2": "boulât"
},
"expansion": "Franc-Comtois: boulât",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franc-Comtois: boulât"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "bouleau"
},
"expansion": "French: bouleau",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: bouleau"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*betullus"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *betullus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "betulla"
},
"expansion": "Latin betulla",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "*betua"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish *betua",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*betwiyos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *betwiyos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷet-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷet-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "bedoll"
},
"expansion": "Catalan bedoll",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "bétula"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese bétula",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "betulla"
},
"expansion": "Italian betulla",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Vulgar Latin *betullus, from Latin betulla, diminutive of Gaulish *betua, from Proto-Celtic *betwiyos, *betuyā (“birch”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷet-.\nAlso compare Catalan bedoll, Portuguese bétula, Italian betulla.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "boul oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "bous",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "box",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bouls",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bous",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "box",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bouls",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "boul",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "boul oblique singular, m (oblique plural bous or box or bouls, nominative singular bous or box or bouls, nominative plural boul)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"birch (tree)"
],
"id": "en-boul-fro-noun-LAOUEC2J",
"links": [
[
"birch",
"birch"
]
]
}
],
"word": "boul"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-fcm",
"2": "boulât"
},
"expansion": "Franc-Comtois: boulât",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franc-Comtois: boulât"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "bouleau"
},
"expansion": "French: bouleau",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: bouleau"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*betullus"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *betullus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "betulla"
},
"expansion": "Latin betulla",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "*betua"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish *betua",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*betwiyos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *betwiyos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷet-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷet-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "bedoll"
},
"expansion": "Catalan bedoll",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "bétula"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese bétula",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "betulla"
},
"expansion": "Italian betulla",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Vulgar Latin *betullus, from Latin betulla, diminutive of Gaulish *betua, from Proto-Celtic *betwiyos, *betuyā (“birch”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷet-.\nAlso compare Catalan bedoll, Portuguese bétula, Italian betulla.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "boul oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "bous",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "box",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bouls",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bous",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "box",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bouls",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "boul",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "boul oblique singular, m (oblique plural bous or box or bouls, nominative singular bous or box or bouls, nominative plural boul)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French masculine nouns",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French terms derived from Gaulish",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old French terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"birch (tree)"
],
"links": [
[
"birch",
"birch"
]
]
}
],
"word": "boul"
}
Download raw JSONL data for boul meaning in Old French (2.6kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'boul oblique singular or', originally 'boul oblique singular or m'",
"path": [
"boul"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "boul",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'boul oblique singular or', originally 'boul oblique singular or m'",
"path": [
"boul"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "boul",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['masculine', 'canonical']: 'boul oblique singular or' in 'boul oblique singular, m (oblique plural bous or box or bouls, nominative singular bous or box or bouls, nominative plural boul)'",
"path": [
"boul"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "boul",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (f889f65 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.