See besoing in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "besoing"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: besoing\nFrench: besogne",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: besoing\nFrench: besogne"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "bésouogn"
},
"expansion": "Norman: bésouogn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norman: bésouogn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "inh",
"3": "la-vul>*bisonium>need",
"id": "need",
"text": "++",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nFrankish *bisunnijabor.\nVulgar Latin *bisonium\nOld French besoing\nInherited from Vulgar Latin *bisonium, borrowed from Frankish *bisunnija.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nFrankish *bisunnijabor.\nVulgar Latin *bisonium\nOld French besoing\nInherited from Vulgar Latin *bisonium, borrowed from Frankish *bisunnija.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "besoing oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "besoinz",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "besoinz",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "besoing",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "besoing oblique singular, m (oblique plural besoinz, nominative singular besoinz, nominative plural besoing)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [
"Entries with etymology texts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [
"Entries with etymology trees",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"need; requirement"
],
"id": "en-besoing-fro-noun-fZ2-RpWu",
"links": [
[
"need",
"need"
],
[
"requirement",
"requirement"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "besonge"
}
]
}
],
"word": "besoing"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "besoing"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: besoing\nFrench: besogne",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: besoing\nFrench: besogne"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "bésouogn"
},
"expansion": "Norman: bésouogn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norman: bésouogn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "inh",
"3": "la-vul>*bisonium>need",
"id": "need",
"text": "++",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nFrankish *bisunnijabor.\nVulgar Latin *bisonium\nOld French besoing\nInherited from Vulgar Latin *bisonium, borrowed from Frankish *bisunnija.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nFrankish *bisunnijabor.\nVulgar Latin *bisonium\nOld French besoing\nInherited from Vulgar Latin *bisonium, borrowed from Frankish *bisunnija.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "besoing oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "besoinz",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "besoinz",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "besoing",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "besoing oblique singular, m (oblique plural besoinz, nominative singular besoinz, nominative plural besoing)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "besonge"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with etymology texts",
"Old French entries with etymology trees",
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French masculine nouns",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French terms derived from Frankish",
"Old French terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"need; requirement"
],
"links": [
[
"need",
"need"
],
[
"requirement",
"requirement"
]
]
}
],
"word": "besoing"
}
Download raw JSONL data for besoing meaning in Old French (1.9kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'besoing oblique singular or', originally 'besoing oblique singular or m'",
"path": [
"besoing"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "besoing",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'besoing oblique singular or', originally 'besoing oblique singular or m'",
"path": [
"besoing"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "besoing",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['masculine', 'canonical']: 'besoing oblique singular or' in 'besoing oblique singular, m (oblique plural besoinz, nominative singular besoinz, nominative plural besoing)'",
"path": [
"besoing"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "besoing",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.