See wulf in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "wolf"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: wolf, wulf, woulf, wolfe\nEnglish: wolf, wolve (rare)\n→ Ido: volfo (also from German)\nScots: wolf, woulf, wouff",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: wolf, wulf, woulf, wolfe\nEnglish: wolf, wolve (rare)\n→ Ido: volfo (also from German)\nScots: wolf, woulf, wouff"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*wulf"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wulf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wulfaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wulfaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wĺ̥kʷos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *wulf, from Proto-Germanic *wulfaz, from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "wulf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "wulf m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "wulf m",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wulf"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wulf",
"2": "wulfas",
"3": "wulf",
"4": "wulfas",
"5": "wulfes",
"6": "wulfa",
"7": "wulfe",
"8": "wulfum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ang",
"name": "Canids",
"orig": "ang:Canids",
"parents": [
"Carnivores",
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "werewolf",
"word": "werewulf"
},
{
"english": "savage",
"word": "wulfheort"
},
{
"english": "female wolf",
"word": "wylfen"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "And on one night, three wolves brought the body of a dead man into the city, and then tore it to pieces, until the people awoke and ran out, and they ran away.",
"text": "late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans\n⁊ ēac þætte þrīe wulfas on ānre niht brōhton ānes dēades monnes līchoman binnan þā burg, ⁊ hiene þær siþþan tōbrugdon, oþ þā men onwōcan, ⁊ ūt urnon, ⁊ hīe siþþan aweġ flugon.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Only a wolf can catch a wolf.",
"text": "Wulf āna mæġ wulf ġefōn.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The wolf strengthens the deer.",
"text": "Sē wulf ġestrangaþ þone heorot.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wolf"
],
"id": "en-wulf-ang-noun-92thuWLb",
"links": [
[
"wolf",
"wolf"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/wulf/"
},
{
"ipa": "[wuɫf]"
}
],
"word": "wulf"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "werewolf",
"word": "werewulf"
},
{
"english": "savage",
"word": "wulfheort"
},
{
"english": "female wolf",
"word": "wylfen"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "wolf"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: wolf, wulf, woulf, wolfe\nEnglish: wolf, wolve (rare)\n→ Ido: volfo (also from German)\nScots: wolf, woulf, wouff",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: wolf, wulf, woulf, wolfe\nEnglish: wolf, wolve (rare)\n→ Ido: volfo (also from German)\nScots: wolf, woulf, wouff"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*wulf"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wulf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wulfaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wulfaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wĺ̥kʷos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *wulf, from Proto-Germanic *wulfaz, from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "wulf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "wulf m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "wulf m",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wulf"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wulf",
"2": "wulfas",
"3": "wulf",
"4": "wulfas",
"5": "wulfes",
"6": "wulfa",
"7": "wulfe",
"8": "wulfum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English masculine a-stem nouns",
"Old English masculine nouns",
"Old English nouns",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with quotations",
"Old English terms with usage examples",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ang:Canids"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "And on one night, three wolves brought the body of a dead man into the city, and then tore it to pieces, until the people awoke and ran out, and they ran away.",
"text": "late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans\n⁊ ēac þætte þrīe wulfas on ānre niht brōhton ānes dēades monnes līchoman binnan þā burg, ⁊ hiene þær siþþan tōbrugdon, oþ þā men onwōcan, ⁊ ūt urnon, ⁊ hīe siþþan aweġ flugon.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Only a wolf can catch a wolf.",
"text": "Wulf āna mæġ wulf ġefōn.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The wolf strengthens the deer.",
"text": "Sē wulf ġestrangaþ þone heorot.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wolf"
],
"links": [
[
"wolf",
"wolf"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/wulf/"
},
{
"ipa": "[wuɫf]"
}
],
"word": "wulf"
}
Download raw JSONL data for wulf meaning in Old English (4.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.