See wulf on Wiktionary
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "romanization",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "wulf",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "wulf",
"name": "got-rom"
}
],
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍆"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Gothic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Gothic romanizations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Romanization of 𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍆"
],
"id": "en-wulf-got-romanization-2S6jnxI9",
"links": [
[
"𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍆",
"𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍆#Gothic"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "wulf"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "wulf",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "wolf"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Languages",
"orig": "enm:Languages",
"parents": [
"Language",
"Names",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of wolf"
],
"id": "en-wulf-enm-noun-YbGJTVLH",
"links": [
[
"wolf",
"wolf#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "wulf"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "wolf"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: wolf, wulf, woulf, wolfe\nEnglish: wolf, wolve (rare)\n→ Ido: volfo (also from German)\nScots: wolf, woulf, wouff",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: wolf, wulf, woulf, wolfe\nEnglish: wolf, wolve (rare)\n→ Ido: volfo (also from German)\nScots: wolf, woulf, wouff"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*wulf"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wulf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wulfaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wulfaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wĺ̥kʷos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *wulf, from Proto-Germanic *wulfaz, from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "wulf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "wulf m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "wulf m",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wulf"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wulf",
"2": "wulfas",
"3": "wulf",
"4": "wulfas",
"5": "wulfes",
"6": "wulfa",
"7": "wulfe",
"8": "wulfum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ang",
"name": "Canids",
"orig": "ang:Canids",
"parents": [
"Carnivores",
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "werewolf",
"word": "werewulf"
},
{
"english": "savage",
"word": "wulfheort"
},
{
"english": "female wolf",
"word": "wylfen"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "And on one night, three wolves brought the body of a dead man into the city, and then tore it to pieces, until the people awoke and ran out, and they ran away.",
"text": "late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans\n⁊ ēac þætte þrīe wulfas on ānre niht brōhton ānes dēades monnes līchoman binnan þā burg, ⁊ hiene þær siþþan tōbrugdon, oþ þā men onwōcan, ⁊ ūt urnon, ⁊ hīe siþþan aweġ flugon.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Only a wolf can catch a wolf.",
"text": "Wulf āna mæġ wulf ġefōn.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The wolf strengthens the deer.",
"text": "Sē wulf ġestrangaþ þone heorot.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wolf"
],
"id": "en-wulf-ang-noun-92thuWLb",
"links": [
[
"wolf",
"wolf"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/wulf/"
},
{
"ipa": "[wuɫf]"
}
],
"word": "wulf"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*wulf"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wulf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wulfaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wulfaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wĺ̥kʷos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *wulf, from Proto-Germanic *wulfaz, from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "osx-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "wulf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "wulf",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wulf"
},
"name": "osx-decl-noun-a-m"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Saxon entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wolf"
],
"id": "en-wulf-osx-noun-92thuWLb",
"links": [
[
"wolf",
"wolf"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "wolf"
}
]
}
],
"word": "wulf"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "wolf"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: wolf\nDutch: wolf\nAfrikaans: wolf\nJersey Dutch: wâlf\nNegerhollands: wuluwuluk\n→ Virgin Islands Creole: wuluwuluk (dated)\nLimburgish: wólf",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: wolf\nDutch: wolf\nAfrikaans: wolf\nJersey Dutch: wâlf\nNegerhollands: wuluwuluk\n→ Virgin Islands Creole: wuluwuluk (dated)\nLimburgish: wólf"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*wulf"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wulf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wulfaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wulfaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *wulf, from Proto-Germanic *wulfaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "odt-decl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "wulf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulva",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulva",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulves",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulvo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulve",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulvon",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*wulf m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wulv",
"g": "m"
},
"name": "odt-decl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Old Dutch/wulf",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "odt",
"name": "Animals",
"orig": "odt:Animals",
"parents": [
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wolf"
],
"id": "en-wulf-odt-noun-92thuWLb",
"links": [
[
"wolf",
"wolf"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "wulf"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wulf"
},
"expansion": "Old English: wulf\nMiddle English: wolf, wulf, woulf, wolfe\nEnglish: wolf, wolve (rare)\n→ Ido: volfo (also from German)\nScots: wolf, woulf, wouff",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: wulf\nMiddle English: wolf, wulf, woulf, wolfe\nEnglish: wolf, wolve (rare)\n→ Ido: volfo (also from German)\nScots: wolf, woulf, wouff"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "wolf"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: wolf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: wolf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Wulf"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Wulf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Wulf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "wolf"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: wolf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: wolf"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "wulf"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: wulf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: wulf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "wulf"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: wulf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: wulf"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Low German:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "German Low German:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hamburgisch: Wulf"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Westphalian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Wulf"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Suerländer-Märkisch: Wulf"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Westmünsterländisch: Wulf"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pdt",
"2": "Wulf"
},
"expansion": "Plautdietsch: Wulf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Plautdietsch: Wulf"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*wulf"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *wulf\nMiddle Dutch: wolf\nDutch: wolf\nAfrikaans: wolf\nJersey Dutch: wâlf\nNegerhollands: wuluwuluk\n→ Virgin Islands Creole: wuluwuluk (dated)\nLimburgish: wólf",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *wulf\nMiddle Dutch: wolf\nDutch: wolf\nAfrikaans: wolf\nJersey Dutch: wâlf\nNegerhollands: wuluwuluk\n→ Virgin Islands Creole: wuluwuluk (dated)\nLimburgish: wólf"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "wolf"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: wolf\nMiddle High German: wolf\nAlemannic German: wolf (Italian Walser)\nBavarian: Woif, Wolf\nCimbrian: bolf\nMòcheno: bolf\nUdinese: bolf, bölf\nGerman: Wolf\nHunsrik: Wollef\nLuxembourgish: Wollef\nPennsylvania German: Wolf\nVilamovian: wūf\nYiddish: וואָלף (volf)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: wolf\nMiddle High German: wolf\nAlemannic German: wolf (Italian Walser)\nBavarian: Woif, Wolf\nCimbrian: bolf\nMòcheno: bolf\nUdinese: bolf, bölf\nGerman: Wolf\nHunsrik: Wollef\nLuxembourgish: Wollef\nPennsylvania German: Wolf\nVilamovian: wūf\nYiddish: וואָלף (volf)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wulfaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wulfaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *wulfaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "wulf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wolfō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wolfōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wolfā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wolfas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wolfō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*wulf m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/wulf",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "wulfini"
},
{
"word": "wulfīn"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wolf"
],
"id": "en-wulf-gmw-pro-noun-92thuWLb",
"links": [
[
"wolf",
"wolf"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "wulf"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "romanization",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "wulf",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "wulf",
"name": "got-rom"
}
],
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍆"
}
],
"categories": [
"Gothic entries with incorrect language header",
"Gothic non-lemma forms",
"Gothic romanizations",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Romanization of 𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍆"
],
"links": [
[
"𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍆",
"𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍆#Gothic"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "wulf"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "wulf",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "wolf"
}
],
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Languages"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of wolf"
],
"links": [
[
"wolf",
"wolf#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "wulf"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "wolf"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: wolf\nDutch: wolf\nAfrikaans: wolf\nJersey Dutch: wâlf\nNegerhollands: wuluwuluk\n→ Virgin Islands Creole: wuluwuluk (dated)\nLimburgish: wólf",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: wolf\nDutch: wolf\nAfrikaans: wolf\nJersey Dutch: wâlf\nNegerhollands: wuluwuluk\n→ Virgin Islands Creole: wuluwuluk (dated)\nLimburgish: wólf"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*wulf"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wulf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wulfaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wulfaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *wulf, from Proto-Germanic *wulfaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "odt-decl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "wulf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulva",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulva",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulves",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulvo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulve",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulvon",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*wulf m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wulv",
"g": "m"
},
"name": "odt-decl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Old Dutch/wulf",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Dutch lemmas",
"Old Dutch masculine a-stem nouns",
"Old Dutch masculine nouns",
"Old Dutch nouns",
"Old Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"odt:Animals"
],
"glosses": [
"wolf"
],
"links": [
[
"wolf",
"wolf"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "wulf"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "werewolf",
"word": "werewulf"
},
{
"english": "savage",
"word": "wulfheort"
},
{
"english": "female wolf",
"word": "wylfen"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "wolf"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: wolf, wulf, woulf, wolfe\nEnglish: wolf, wolve (rare)\n→ Ido: volfo (also from German)\nScots: wolf, woulf, wouff",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: wolf, wulf, woulf, wolfe\nEnglish: wolf, wolve (rare)\n→ Ido: volfo (also from German)\nScots: wolf, woulf, wouff"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*wulf"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wulf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wulfaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wulfaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wĺ̥kʷos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *wulf, from Proto-Germanic *wulfaz, from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "wulf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "wulf m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "wulf m",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wulf"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wulf",
"2": "wulfas",
"3": "wulf",
"4": "wulfas",
"5": "wulfes",
"6": "wulfa",
"7": "wulfe",
"8": "wulfum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English masculine a-stem nouns",
"Old English masculine nouns",
"Old English nouns",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with quotations",
"Old English terms with usage examples",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ang:Canids"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "And on one night, three wolves brought the body of a dead man into the city, and then tore it to pieces, until the people awoke and ran out, and they ran away.",
"text": "late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans\n⁊ ēac þætte þrīe wulfas on ānre niht brōhton ānes dēades monnes līchoman binnan þā burg, ⁊ hiene þær siþþan tōbrugdon, oþ þā men onwōcan, ⁊ ūt urnon, ⁊ hīe siþþan aweġ flugon.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Only a wolf can catch a wolf.",
"text": "Wulf āna mæġ wulf ġefōn.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The wolf strengthens the deer.",
"text": "Sē wulf ġestrangaþ þone heorot.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wolf"
],
"links": [
[
"wolf",
"wolf"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/wulf/"
},
{
"ipa": "[wuɫf]"
}
],
"word": "wulf"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*wulf"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wulf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wulfaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wulfaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wĺ̥kʷos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *wulf, from Proto-Germanic *wulfaz, from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "osx-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "wulf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "wulf",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wulf"
},
"name": "osx-decl-noun-a-m"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Saxon a-stem nouns",
"Old Saxon entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Saxon lemmas",
"Old Saxon nouns",
"Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"wolf"
],
"links": [
[
"wolf",
"wolf"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "wolf"
}
],
"word": "wulf"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "wulfini"
},
{
"word": "wulfīn"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wulf"
},
"expansion": "Old English: wulf\nMiddle English: wolf, wulf, woulf, wolfe\nEnglish: wolf, wolve (rare)\n→ Ido: volfo (also from German)\nScots: wolf, woulf, wouff",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: wulf\nMiddle English: wolf, wulf, woulf, wolfe\nEnglish: wolf, wolve (rare)\n→ Ido: volfo (also from German)\nScots: wolf, woulf, wouff"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "wolf"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: wolf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: wolf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Wulf"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Wulf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Wulf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "wolf"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: wolf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: wolf"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "wulf"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: wulf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: wulf"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "wulf"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: wulf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: wulf"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Low German:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "German Low German:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hamburgisch: Wulf"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Westphalian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Wulf"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Suerländer-Märkisch: Wulf"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Westmünsterländisch: Wulf"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pdt",
"2": "Wulf"
},
"expansion": "Plautdietsch: Wulf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Plautdietsch: Wulf"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*wulf"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *wulf\nMiddle Dutch: wolf\nDutch: wolf\nAfrikaans: wolf\nJersey Dutch: wâlf\nNegerhollands: wuluwuluk\n→ Virgin Islands Creole: wuluwuluk (dated)\nLimburgish: wólf",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *wulf\nMiddle Dutch: wolf\nDutch: wolf\nAfrikaans: wolf\nJersey Dutch: wâlf\nNegerhollands: wuluwuluk\n→ Virgin Islands Creole: wuluwuluk (dated)\nLimburgish: wólf"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "wolf"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: wolf\nMiddle High German: wolf\nAlemannic German: wolf (Italian Walser)\nBavarian: Woif, Wolf\nCimbrian: bolf\nMòcheno: bolf\nUdinese: bolf, bölf\nGerman: Wolf\nHunsrik: Wollef\nLuxembourgish: Wollef\nPennsylvania German: Wolf\nVilamovian: wūf\nYiddish: וואָלף (volf)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: wolf\nMiddle High German: wolf\nAlemannic German: wolf (Italian Walser)\nBavarian: Woif, Wolf\nCimbrian: bolf\nMòcheno: bolf\nUdinese: bolf, bölf\nGerman: Wolf\nHunsrik: Wollef\nLuxembourgish: Wollef\nPennsylvania German: Wolf\nVilamovian: wūf\nYiddish: וואָלף (volf)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wulfaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wulfaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *wulfaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "wulf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wolfō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wolfōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wolfā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wolfas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wolfō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wulfum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*wulf m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/wulf",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine a-stem nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"gmw-pro:Wolves"
],
"glosses": [
"wolf"
],
"links": [
[
"wolf",
"wolf"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "wulf"
}
Download raw JSONL data for wulf meaning in All languages combined (15.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.