See wiernan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "forwiernan"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "wernen",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: wernen, warn, warne, werne, worne, wurne, wærnen, wearne, wearnen, weorne (Early Middle English)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "through the Anglian form"
},
"expansion": "(through the Anglian form)",
"name": "i"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: wernen, warn, warne, werne, worne, wurne, wærnen, wearne, wearnen, weorne (Early Middle English) (through the Anglian form)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wer-",
"id": "heed"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*warnijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *warnijan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*warnijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *warnijaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "werna"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian werna",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "verna"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse verna",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "værne"
},
"expansion": "Danish værne",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *warnijan, from Proto-Germanic *warnijaną, from *warnō (“obstacle”); related to werian (“to protect”). Cognate with Old Frisian werna, Old Norse verna (Danish værne). Compare wearnian.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "wiernan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "wiernenne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "wierne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wiernde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wiernest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wiernst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wierndest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wierneþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wiernþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wiernde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wiernaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wierndon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wierne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wiernde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wiernen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wiernden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wiern",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wiernaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wiernende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wierned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġewierned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "wiernan",
"name": "ang-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "West Saxon"
},
"expansion": "(West Saxon)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wiernan<w1>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "If someone condemned to death desires confession, it should never be refused to them.",
"ref": "c. 1005, Wulfstan, Laws of Edward and Guthrum:",
"text": "Ġif dēaþsċyldiġ man sċriftsprǣċe ġierne, ne him man nǣfre ne wierne.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to refuse, deny"
],
"id": "en-wiernan-ang-verb-WkqpuC1j",
"links": [
[
"refuse",
"refuse"
],
[
"deny",
"deny"
]
],
"tags": [
"West-Saxon"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 48 18 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 44 21 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 56 17 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 75 9 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "West Saxon Old English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to reject, decline"
],
"id": "en-wiernan-ang-verb-E9ID9QaL",
"links": [
[
"reject",
"reject"
],
[
"decline",
"decline"
]
],
"tags": [
"West-Saxon"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to withhold"
],
"id": "en-wiernan-ang-verb-AK5383xr",
"links": [
[
"withhold",
"withhold"
]
],
"tags": [
"West-Saxon"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to forbid, prevent"
],
"id": "en-wiernan-ang-verb-jldX4GI1",
"links": [
[
"forbid",
"forbid"
],
[
"prevent",
"prevent"
]
],
"tags": [
"West-Saxon"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwi͜yr.nɑn/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈwi͜yrˠ.nɑn]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "weornan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "wirnan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "wyrnan"
}
],
"word": "wiernan"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English class 1 weak verbs",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wer- (heed)",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"West Saxon Old English"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "forwiernan"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "wernen",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: wernen, warn, warne, werne, worne, wurne, wærnen, wearne, wearnen, weorne (Early Middle English)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "through the Anglian form"
},
"expansion": "(through the Anglian form)",
"name": "i"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: wernen, warn, warne, werne, worne, wurne, wærnen, wearne, wearnen, weorne (Early Middle English) (through the Anglian form)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wer-",
"id": "heed"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*warnijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *warnijan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*warnijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *warnijaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "werna"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian werna",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "verna"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse verna",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "værne"
},
"expansion": "Danish værne",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *warnijan, from Proto-Germanic *warnijaną, from *warnō (“obstacle”); related to werian (“to protect”). Cognate with Old Frisian werna, Old Norse verna (Danish værne). Compare wearnian.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "wiernan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "wiernenne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "wierne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wiernde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wiernest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wiernst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wierndest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wierneþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wiernþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wiernde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wiernaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wierndon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wierne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wiernde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wiernen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wiernden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wiern",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wiernaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wiernende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wierned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġewierned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "wiernan",
"name": "ang-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "West Saxon"
},
"expansion": "(West Saxon)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wiernan<w1>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "If someone condemned to death desires confession, it should never be refused to them.",
"ref": "c. 1005, Wulfstan, Laws of Edward and Guthrum:",
"text": "Ġif dēaþsċyldiġ man sċriftsprǣċe ġierne, ne him man nǣfre ne wierne.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to refuse, deny"
],
"links": [
[
"refuse",
"refuse"
],
[
"deny",
"deny"
]
],
"tags": [
"West-Saxon"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to reject, decline"
],
"links": [
[
"reject",
"reject"
],
[
"decline",
"decline"
]
],
"tags": [
"West-Saxon"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to withhold"
],
"links": [
[
"withhold",
"withhold"
]
],
"tags": [
"West-Saxon"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to forbid, prevent"
],
"links": [
[
"forbid",
"forbid"
],
[
"prevent",
"prevent"
]
],
"tags": [
"West-Saxon"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwi͜yr.nɑn/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈwi͜yrˠ.nɑn]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "weornan"
},
{
"word": "wirnan"
},
{
"word": "wyrnan"
}
],
"word": "wiernan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for wiernan meaning in Old English (5.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (f90d964 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.