See topp in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "top"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: top, toppe, topp, tope, toop\nEnglish: top\n→ French: top\n→ German: Top\n→ Vietnamese: tốp\nScots: tap",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: top, toppe, topp, tope, toop\nEnglish: top\n→ French: top\n→ German: Top\n→ Vietnamese: tốp\nScots: tap"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*topp"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *topp",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tuppaz",
"t": "braid, pigtail, end"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tuppaz (“braid, pigtail, end”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *topp, from Proto-Germanic *tuppaz (“braid, pigtail, end”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "topp",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toppas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topp",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toppas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toppes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toppa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toppe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toppum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "top",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "topp m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "topp m",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "topp"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "topp",
"2": "toppas",
"3": "topp",
"4": "toppas",
"5": "toppes",
"6": "toppa",
"7": "toppe",
"8": "toppum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "70 22 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"topp, summit (of something)"
],
"id": "en-topp-ang-noun-SKdFA2Bj",
"links": [
[
"topp",
"topp"
],
[
"summit",
"summit"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"lock or tuft of hair"
],
"id": "en-topp-ang-noun--IszcHgG",
"links": [
[
"lock",
"lock"
],
[
"tuft",
"tuft"
],
[
"hair",
"hair"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a top (toy)"
],
"id": "en-topp-ang-noun-y9oJY6va",
"links": [
[
"top",
"top"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(possibly) a top (toy)"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"possibly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/topp/"
},
{
"ipa": "[top]"
}
],
"word": "topp"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English masculine a-stem nouns",
"Old English masculine nouns",
"Old English nouns",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "top"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: top, toppe, topp, tope, toop\nEnglish: top\n→ French: top\n→ German: Top\n→ Vietnamese: tốp\nScots: tap",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: top, toppe, topp, tope, toop\nEnglish: top\n→ French: top\n→ German: Top\n→ Vietnamese: tốp\nScots: tap"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*topp"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *topp",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tuppaz",
"t": "braid, pigtail, end"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tuppaz (“braid, pigtail, end”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *topp, from Proto-Germanic *tuppaz (“braid, pigtail, end”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "topp",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toppas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topp",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toppas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toppes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toppa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toppe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toppum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "top",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "topp m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "topp m",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "topp"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "topp",
"2": "toppas",
"3": "topp",
"4": "toppas",
"5": "toppes",
"6": "toppa",
"7": "toppe",
"8": "toppum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"topp, summit (of something)"
],
"links": [
[
"topp",
"topp"
],
[
"summit",
"summit"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"lock or tuft of hair"
],
"links": [
[
"lock",
"lock"
],
[
"tuft",
"tuft"
],
[
"hair",
"hair"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a top (toy)"
],
"links": [
[
"top",
"top"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(possibly) a top (toy)"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"possibly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/topp/"
},
{
"ipa": "[top]"
}
],
"word": "topp"
}
Download raw JSONL data for topp meaning in Old English (3.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (51d164f and fb63907). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.