See lean in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*laun"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *laun",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates",
"name": "col-top"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "lān"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian lān",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "lōn"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon lōn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "lōn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German lōn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "laun"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse laun",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌽 (laun)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "λεία"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek λεία (leía)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lucrum"
},
"expansion": "Latin lucrum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ловъ"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic ловъ (lovŭ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "лов"
},
"expansion": "Russian лов (lov)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "lóg"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish lóg",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "lãvinti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian lãvinti",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *laun.\nCognates\nCognate with Old Frisian lān, Old Saxon lōn, Old High German lōn, Old Norse laun, and Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌽 (laun). The Indo-European root is also the source of Ancient Greek λεία (leía) (from *λαϝία), Latin lucrum, Old Church Slavonic ловъ (lovŭ) (Russian лов (lov)), Old Irish lóg, Lithuanian lãvinti.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lēan",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lēan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lēan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lēan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lēan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lēanes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lēana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lēane",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lēanum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "lēan",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "lēan n",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"head": "lēan"
},
"expansion": "lēan n",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lēan"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-n"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lēan",
"2": "lēan",
"3": "lēan",
"4": "lēan",
"5": "lēanes",
"6": "lēana",
"7": "lēane",
"8": "lēanum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "ġeōlēan"
},
{
"word": "lēanian"
}
],
"glosses": [
"reward"
],
"id": "en-lean-ang-noun-dpb~-E8m",
"links": [
[
"reward",
"reward"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/læ͜ɑːn/"
}
],
"word": "lean"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "*lēen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: *lēen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: *lēen (attested in past tense lough)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*lahan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *lahan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "lahan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon lahan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "lahan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German lahan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "lá"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse lá",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌽 (laian)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *lahan. Cognate with Old Saxon lahan, Old High German lahan, Old Norse lá, Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌽 (laian).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lēan",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "6",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "lēan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lēanne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lēa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lōg",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lōh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liehst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lōge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liehþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lōg",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lōh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lēaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lōgon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lēa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lōge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lēan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lōgen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "leah",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lēaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lēande",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "leġen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġeleġen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "lagen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġelagen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lēan"
},
"expansion": "lēan",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lēan<s6/pp:leġen,lagen>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 0 1 0 2 2 1 6 2 12 2 0 0 0 0 4 0 11 1 7 0 1 1 0 11 5 1 12 0 1 11 1 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 95",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to blame, fault, reproach"
],
"id": "en-lean-ang-verb-Lhi0aiEs",
"links": [
[
"blame",
"blame"
],
[
"fault",
"fault"
],
[
"reproach",
"reproach"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to blame, fault, reproach"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/læ͜ɑːn/"
}
],
"word": "lean"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English class 6 strong verbs",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English neuter a-stem nouns",
"Old English neuter nouns",
"Old English nouns",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English verbs",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"West Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
"West Frisian lemmas",
"West Frisian neuter nouns",
"West Frisian nouns",
"West Frisian terms derived from Old Frisian",
"West Frisian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"West Frisian terms inherited from Old Frisian",
"West Frisian terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ġeōlēan"
},
{
"word": "lēanian"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*laun"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *laun",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates",
"name": "col-top"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "lān"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian lān",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "lōn"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon lōn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "lōn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German lōn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "laun"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse laun",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌽 (laun)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "λεία"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek λεία (leía)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lucrum"
},
"expansion": "Latin lucrum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ловъ"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic ловъ (lovŭ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "лов"
},
"expansion": "Russian лов (lov)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "lóg"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish lóg",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "lãvinti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian lãvinti",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *laun.\nCognates\nCognate with Old Frisian lān, Old Saxon lōn, Old High German lōn, Old Norse laun, and Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌽 (laun). The Indo-European root is also the source of Ancient Greek λεία (leía) (from *λαϝία), Latin lucrum, Old Church Slavonic ловъ (lovŭ) (Russian лов (lov)), Old Irish lóg, Lithuanian lãvinti.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lēan",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lēan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lēan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lēan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lēan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lēanes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lēana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lēane",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lēanum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "lēan",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "lēan n",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"head": "lēan"
},
"expansion": "lēan n",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lēan"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-n"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lēan",
"2": "lēan",
"3": "lēan",
"4": "lēan",
"5": "lēanes",
"6": "lēana",
"7": "lēane",
"8": "lēanum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"reward"
],
"links": [
[
"reward",
"reward"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/læ͜ɑːn/"
}
],
"word": "lean"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English class 6 strong verbs",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English verbs",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"West Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
"West Frisian lemmas",
"West Frisian neuter nouns",
"West Frisian nouns",
"West Frisian terms derived from Old Frisian",
"West Frisian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"West Frisian terms inherited from Old Frisian",
"West Frisian terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "*lēen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: *lēen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: *lēen (attested in past tense lough)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*lahan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *lahan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "lahan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon lahan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "lahan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German lahan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "lá"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse lá",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌽 (laian)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *lahan. Cognate with Old Saxon lahan, Old High German lahan, Old Norse lá, Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌽 (laian).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lēan",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "6",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "lēan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lēanne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lēa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lōg",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lōh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liehst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lōge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liehþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lōg",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lōh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lēaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lōgon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lēa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lōge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lēan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lōgen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "leah",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lēaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lēande",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "leġen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġeleġen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "lagen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġelagen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lēan"
},
"expansion": "lēan",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lēan<s6/pp:leġen,lagen>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to blame, fault, reproach"
],
"links": [
[
"blame",
"blame"
],
[
"fault",
"fault"
],
[
"reproach",
"reproach"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to blame, fault, reproach"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/læ͜ɑːn/"
}
],
"word": "lean"
}
Download raw JSONL data for lean meaning in Old English (8.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (7c21d10 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.