See helan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "helen",
"3": "helien"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: helen, helien",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: helen, helien (merger with helian)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hele",
"3": "heel"
},
"expansion": "English: hele, heel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: hele, heel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "heil"
},
"expansion": "Scots: heil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: heil"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*helan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *helan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"4": "",
"5": "to hide, conceal"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to hide, conceal”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "hela"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian hela",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "helan",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon helan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "helen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch helen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "helan",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Old High German helan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "hehlen"
},
"expansion": "German hehlen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cēlō"
},
"expansion": "Latin cēlō",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "καλύπω",
"3": "",
"4": "I hide"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek καλύπω (kalúpō, “I hide”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *helan, from Proto-Germanic *helaną, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to hide, conceal”).\nCognate with Old Frisian hela, Old Saxon helan, Dutch helen, Old High German helan (German hehlen); and with Latin cēlō, Ancient Greek καλύπω (kalúpō, “I hide”). Compare helian, hulu, hol.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "4",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "helan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "helenne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hele",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hæl",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hilest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hilst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hileþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hilþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hæl",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "helaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣlon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hele",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣlen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hel",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "helende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "holen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġeholen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "helan",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "helan<s4>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "forhelan"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to hide, conceal"
],
"id": "en-helan-ang-verb-~pB29C4d",
"links": [
[
"hide",
"hide"
],
[
"conceal",
"conceal"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxe.lɑn/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈhe.lɑn]"
}
],
"word": "helan"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ġehēlan"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hōlijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hōlijan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hōlijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hōlijaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱeh₁l-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₁l-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "huolēn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German huolēn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hœla",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hœla",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *hōlijan, from Proto-Germanic *hōlijaną, From Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₁l-, *keh₁l- (“to beguile, deceive”).\nSee also Old High German huolēn, huolan; and Old Norse hœla. Compare hōlian, and hōl (etymology 2).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hēlan",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hēlan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hēlenne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hēle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hēlde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hēlest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hēlst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hēldest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hēleþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hēlþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hēlde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hēlaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hēldon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hēle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hēlde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hēlen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hēlden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hēl",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hēlaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hēlende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hēled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġehēled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hēlan"
},
"expansion": "hēlan",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hēlan<w1>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to calumniate, slander"
],
"id": "en-helan-ang-verb-WgQnrlMN",
"links": [
[
"calumniate",
"calumniate"
],
[
"slander",
"slander"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 31 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 26 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 26 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to defame"
],
"id": "en-helan-ang-verb-L7uSsFpG",
"links": [
[
"defame",
"defame"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxeː.lɑn/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈheː.lɑn]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hœ̄lan"
}
],
"word": "helan"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English class 1 weak verbs",
"Old English class 4 strong verbs",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "forhelan"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "helen",
"3": "helien"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: helen, helien",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: helen, helien (merger with helian)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hele",
"3": "heel"
},
"expansion": "English: hele, heel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: hele, heel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "heil"
},
"expansion": "Scots: heil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: heil"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*helan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *helan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*helaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *helaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"4": "",
"5": "to hide, conceal"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to hide, conceal”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "hela"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian hela",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "helan",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon helan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "helen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch helen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "helan",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Old High German helan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "hehlen"
},
"expansion": "German hehlen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cēlō"
},
"expansion": "Latin cēlō",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "καλύπω",
"3": "",
"4": "I hide"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek καλύπω (kalúpō, “I hide”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *helan, from Proto-Germanic *helaną, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to hide, conceal”).\nCognate with Old Frisian hela, Old Saxon helan, Dutch helen, Old High German helan (German hehlen); and with Latin cēlō, Ancient Greek καλύπω (kalúpō, “I hide”). Compare helian, hulu, hol.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "4",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "helan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "helenne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hele",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hæl",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hilest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hilst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hileþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hilþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hæl",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "helaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣlon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hele",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣlen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hel",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "helende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "holen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġeholen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "helan",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "helan<s4>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to hide, conceal"
],
"links": [
[
"hide",
"hide"
],
[
"conceal",
"conceal"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxe.lɑn/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈhe.lɑn]"
}
],
"word": "helan"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English class 1 weak verbs",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ġehēlan"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hōlijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hōlijan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hōlijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hōlijaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱeh₁l-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₁l-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "huolēn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German huolēn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hœla",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hœla",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *hōlijan, from Proto-Germanic *hōlijaną, From Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₁l-, *keh₁l- (“to beguile, deceive”).\nSee also Old High German huolēn, huolan; and Old Norse hœla. Compare hōlian, and hōl (etymology 2).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hēlan",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hēlan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hēlenne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hēle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hēlde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hēlest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hēlst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hēldest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hēleþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hēlþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hēlde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hēlaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hēldon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hēle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hēlde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hēlen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hēlden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hēl",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hēlaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hēlende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hēled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġehēled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hēlan"
},
"expansion": "hēlan",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hēlan<w1>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to calumniate, slander"
],
"links": [
[
"calumniate",
"calumniate"
],
[
"slander",
"slander"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to defame"
],
"links": [
[
"defame",
"defame"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxeː.lɑn/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈheː.lɑn]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hœ̄lan"
}
],
"word": "helan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for helan meaning in Old English (8.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (eaedd02 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.