See heardian in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for heardian meaning in Old English (3.9kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "harden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: harden",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hierdan"
},
"expansion": "Old English hierdan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "merged with descendant of Old English <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ang\">hierdan</i>"
},
"expansion": "(merged with descendant of Old English hierdan)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: harden (merged with descendant of Old English hierdan)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hard",
"qq": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "English: hard (obsolete)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: hard (obsolete)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hardēn",
"4": "*hardōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hardōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hardēn"
},
"expansion": "*hardēn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "heard",
"3": "-ian"
},
"expansion": "heard + -ian",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *hardōn, a variant of *hardēn. Equivalent to heard + -ian.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "heardian",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "heardienne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "heardiġe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "heardode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "heardast",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "heardodest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "heardaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "heardode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "heardiaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "heardodon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "heardiġe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "heardode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "heardiġen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "heardoden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hearda",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "heardiaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "heardiende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "heardod",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġeheardod",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "heardian"
},
"expansion": "heardian",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "heardian<w2>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English terms suffixed with -ian",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "West Saxon Old English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "āheardian"
},
{
"word": "forheardian"
},
{
"word": "heardung"
},
{
"word": "wiþheardian"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be or become hard; to harden"
],
"id": "en-heardian-ang-verb-ym6a5WtB",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"harden",
"harden"
]
],
"tags": [
"West-Saxon"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxæ͜ɑr.di.ɑn/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈhæ͜ɑrˠ.di.ɑn]"
}
],
"word": "heardian"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "āheardian"
},
{
"word": "forheardian"
},
{
"word": "heardung"
},
{
"word": "wiþheardian"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "harden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: harden",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hierdan"
},
"expansion": "Old English hierdan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "merged with descendant of Old English <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ang\">hierdan</i>"
},
"expansion": "(merged with descendant of Old English hierdan)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: harden (merged with descendant of Old English hierdan)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hard",
"qq": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "English: hard (obsolete)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: hard (obsolete)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hardēn",
"4": "*hardōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hardōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hardēn"
},
"expansion": "*hardēn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "heard",
"3": "-ian"
},
"expansion": "heard + -ian",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *hardōn, a variant of *hardēn. Equivalent to heard + -ian.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "heardian",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "heardienne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "heardiġe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "heardode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "heardast",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "heardodest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "heardaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "heardode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "heardiaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "heardodon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "heardiġe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "heardode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "heardiġen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "heardoden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hearda",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "heardiaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "heardiende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "heardod",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġeheardod",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "heardian"
},
"expansion": "heardian",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "heardian<w2>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English class 2 weak verbs",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms suffixed with -ian",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with redundant head parameter",
"Old English verbs",
"West Saxon Old English"
],
"glosses": [
"to be or become hard; to harden"
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"harden",
"harden"
]
],
"tags": [
"West-Saxon"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxæ͜ɑr.di.ɑn/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈhæ͜ɑrˠ.di.ɑn]"
}
],
"word": "heardian"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e268c0e and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.