See hæþen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "hethen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: hethen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: hethen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "heathen"
},
"expansion": "English: heathen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: heathen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "haithen"
},
"expansion": "Scots: haithen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: haithen"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*haiþinaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haiþinaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "hêthin"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian hêthin",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "heidan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German heidan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "heiðinn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse heiðinn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "*𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌽𐍃",
"t": "gentile"
},
"expansion": "Gothic *𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌽𐍃 (*haiþns, “gentile”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἔθνος",
"t": "nation, heathen"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἔθνος (éthnos, “nation, heathen”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cop",
"2": "ϩⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ"
},
"expansion": "Coptic ϩⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ (hethnos)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "հեթանոս"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian հեթանոս (hetʻanos)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*haiduz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haiduz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "heiðr",
"tr": "honour, bright, moor"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse heiðr (honour, bright, moor)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "heiður",
"tr": "honour, bright weather"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic heiður (honour, bright weather)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *haiþinaz, probably a specifically Christian use of the base of *haiþī (“uncultivated land”).\nCognate to Old Frisian hêthin, hêthen, Old High German heidan, Old Norse heiðinn, Gothic *𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌽𐍃 (*haiþns, “gentile”) (attested as feminine 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌽𐍉 (haiþnō)). The Germanic word is primarily an adjective.\nPerhaps influenced by Ancient Greek ἔθνος (éthnos, “nation, heathen”), via the loans from Greek in Coptic ϩⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ (hethnos) and/or Old Armenian հեթանոս (hetʻanos). The stem-vowel was influenced by haiþi (“heath”). See also Proto-Germanic *haiduz, Old Norse heiðr (honour, bright, moor), Icelandic heiður (honour, bright weather).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hǣþen",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþeno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþeno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþeno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣðen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hǣþen"
},
"expansion": "hǣþen",
"name": "ang-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hǣþen"
},
"name": "ang-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"word": "hǣþendōm"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Year 855 In this year heathen men stayed on Sheppey over the winter for the first time...And in the same year [King Athelwulf] went to Rome with much honor, and stayed there for twelve months. And them he went home and King Carl [the Bald] of the Franks gave him his daughter as a queen, and after that Athelwulf returned to his people.",
"text": "The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\nAn. DCCCLV Hēr hǣþene men ǣrest on Sċeapiġġe ofer winter sǣtan...⁊ þȳ ilcan ġēare [Aþelwulf cing] ferde to Rōme mid myċelre weorðnesse ⁊ þǣr wæs XII mōnoð wuniġende, ⁊ him þā hāmweard fōr ⁊ him þā Carl Francna cing his dohtor ġēaf him tō cwēne, ⁊ æfter þām tō his lēodum cōm...",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pagan, heathen"
],
"id": "en-hæþen-ang-adj-6H7XE~Am",
"links": [
[
"pagan",
"pagan"
],
[
"heathen",
"heathen"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxæː.θen/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈhæː.ðen]"
}
],
"word": "hæþen"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hadinaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hadinaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *hadinaz, *hidanaz (“skirt”) (compare *hōdaz (“hood”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hæþen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hæþnas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hæþen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hæþnas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hæþnes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hæþna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hæþne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hæþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hæðen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "hæþen",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "hæþen m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"head": "hæþen"
},
"expansion": "hæþen m",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hæþn",
"nomsg": "hæþen"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hæþen",
"2": "hæþnas",
"3": "hæþen",
"4": "hæþnas",
"5": "hæþnes",
"6": "hæþna",
"7": "hæþne",
"8": "hæþnum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "heden"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 81",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of heden"
],
"id": "en-hæþen-ang-noun-W0n8p58c",
"links": [
[
"heden",
"heden#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxæ.θen/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈhæ.ðen]"
}
],
"word": "hæþen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English adjectives",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English masculine a-stem nouns",
"Old English masculine nouns",
"Old English nouns",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with redundant head parameter",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "hǣþendōm"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "hethen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: hethen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: hethen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "heathen"
},
"expansion": "English: heathen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: heathen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "haithen"
},
"expansion": "Scots: haithen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: haithen"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*haiþinaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haiþinaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "hêthin"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian hêthin",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "heidan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German heidan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "heiðinn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse heiðinn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "*𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌽𐍃",
"t": "gentile"
},
"expansion": "Gothic *𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌽𐍃 (*haiþns, “gentile”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἔθνος",
"t": "nation, heathen"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἔθνος (éthnos, “nation, heathen”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cop",
"2": "ϩⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ"
},
"expansion": "Coptic ϩⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ (hethnos)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "հեթանոս"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian հեթանոս (hetʻanos)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*haiduz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haiduz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "heiðr",
"tr": "honour, bright, moor"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse heiðr (honour, bright, moor)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "heiður",
"tr": "honour, bright weather"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic heiður (honour, bright weather)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *haiþinaz, probably a specifically Christian use of the base of *haiþī (“uncultivated land”).\nCognate to Old Frisian hêthin, hêthen, Old High German heidan, Old Norse heiðinn, Gothic *𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌽𐍃 (*haiþns, “gentile”) (attested as feminine 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌽𐍉 (haiþnō)). The Germanic word is primarily an adjective.\nPerhaps influenced by Ancient Greek ἔθνος (éthnos, “nation, heathen”), via the loans from Greek in Coptic ϩⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ (hethnos) and/or Old Armenian հեթանոս (hetʻanos). The stem-vowel was influenced by haiþi (“heath”). See also Proto-Germanic *haiduz, Old Norse heiðr (honour, bright, moor), Icelandic heiður (honour, bright weather).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hǣþen",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþeno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþeno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþeno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣðen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hǣþen"
},
"expansion": "hǣþen",
"name": "ang-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hǣþen"
},
"name": "ang-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Year 855 In this year heathen men stayed on Sheppey over the winter for the first time...And in the same year [King Athelwulf] went to Rome with much honor, and stayed there for twelve months. And them he went home and King Carl [the Bald] of the Franks gave him his daughter as a queen, and after that Athelwulf returned to his people.",
"text": "The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\nAn. DCCCLV Hēr hǣþene men ǣrest on Sċeapiġġe ofer winter sǣtan...⁊ þȳ ilcan ġēare [Aþelwulf cing] ferde to Rōme mid myċelre weorðnesse ⁊ þǣr wæs XII mōnoð wuniġende, ⁊ him þā hāmweard fōr ⁊ him þā Carl Francna cing his dohtor ġēaf him tō cwēne, ⁊ æfter þām tō his lēodum cōm...",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pagan, heathen"
],
"links": [
[
"pagan",
"pagan"
],
[
"heathen",
"heathen"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxæː.θen/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈhæː.ðen]"
}
],
"word": "hæþen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English masculine a-stem nouns",
"Old English masculine nouns",
"Old English nouns",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with redundant head parameter",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hadinaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hadinaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *hadinaz, *hidanaz (“skirt”) (compare *hōdaz (“hood”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hæþen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hæþnas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hæþen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hæþnas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hæþnes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hæþna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hæþne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hæþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hæðen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "hæþen",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "hæþen m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"head": "hæþen"
},
"expansion": "hæþen m",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hæþn",
"nomsg": "hæþen"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hæþen",
"2": "hæþnas",
"3": "hæþen",
"4": "hæþnas",
"5": "hæþnes",
"6": "hæþna",
"7": "hæþne",
"8": "hæþnum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "heden"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of heden"
],
"links": [
[
"heden",
"heden#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxæ.θen/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈhæ.ðen]"
}
],
"word": "hæþen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hæþen meaning in Old English (18.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-01 using wiktextract (887c61b and 3d4dee6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.