See hæþen on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for hæþen meaning in All languages combined (16.8kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "hethen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: hethen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: hethen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "heathen"
},
"expansion": "English: heathen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: heathen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "haithen"
},
"expansion": "Scots: haithen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: haithen"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*haiþinaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haiþinaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "hêthin"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian hêthin",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "heidan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German heidan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "heiðinn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse heiðinn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "*𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌽𐍃",
"t": "gentile"
},
"expansion": "Gothic *𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌽𐍃 (*haiþns, “gentile”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἔθνος",
"t": "nation, heathen"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἔθνος (éthnos, “nation, heathen”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cop",
"2": "ϩⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ"
},
"expansion": "Coptic ϩⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ (hethnos)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "հեթանոս"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian հեթանոս (hetʻanos)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*haiduz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haiduz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "heiðr",
"tr": "honour, bright, moor"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse heiðr (honour, bright, moor)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "heiður",
"tr": "honour, bright weather"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic heiður (honour, bright weather)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *haiþinaz, probably a specifically Christian use of the base of *haiþī (“uncultivated land”).\nCognate to Old Frisian hêthin, hêthen, Old High German heidan, Old Norse heiðinn, Gothic *𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌽𐍃 (*haiþns, “gentile”) (attested as feminine 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌽𐍉 (haiþnō)). The Germanic word is primarily an adjective.\nPerhaps influenced by Ancient Greek ἔθνος (éthnos, “nation, heathen”), via the loans from Greek in Coptic ϩⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ (hethnos) and/or Old Armenian հեթանոս (hetʻanos). The stem-vowel was influenced by haiþi (“heath”). See also Proto-Germanic *haiduz, Old Norse heiðr (honour, bright, moor), Icelandic heiður (honour, bright weather).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hǣþen",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþeno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþeno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþeno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hǣþen"
},
"expansion": "hǣþen",
"name": "ang-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hǣþen"
},
"name": "ang-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "hǣþendōm"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pagan, heathen"
],
"id": "en-hæþen-ang-adj-6H7XE~Am",
"links": [
[
"pagan",
"pagan"
],
[
"heathen",
"heathen"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "edh spelling",
"word": "hǣðen"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxæː.θen/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈhæː.ðen]"
}
],
"word": "hæþen"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hadinaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hadinaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *hadinaz, *hidanaz (“skirt”) (compare *hōdaz (“hood”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hæþen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hæþnas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hæþen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hæþnas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hæþnes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hæþna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hæþne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hæþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "hæþen",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "hæþen m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"head": "hæþen"
},
"expansion": "hæþen m",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hæþn",
"nomsg": "hæþen"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hæþen",
"2": "hæþnas",
"3": "hæþen",
"4": "hæþnas",
"5": "hæþnes",
"6": "hæþna",
"7": "hæþne",
"8": "hæþnum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "heden"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of heden"
],
"id": "en-hæþen-ang-noun-W0n8p58c",
"links": [
[
"heden",
"heden#Old English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "edh spelling",
"word": "hæðen"
}
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxæ.θen/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈhæ.ðen]"
}
],
"word": "hæþen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English adjectives",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English masculine a-stem nouns",
"Old English masculine nouns",
"Old English nouns",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with redundant head parameter"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "hǣþendōm"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "hethen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: hethen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: hethen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "heathen"
},
"expansion": "English: heathen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: heathen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "haithen"
},
"expansion": "Scots: haithen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: haithen"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*haiþinaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haiþinaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "hêthin"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian hêthin",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "heidan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German heidan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "heiðinn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse heiðinn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "*𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌽𐍃",
"t": "gentile"
},
"expansion": "Gothic *𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌽𐍃 (*haiþns, “gentile”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἔθνος",
"t": "nation, heathen"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἔθνος (éthnos, “nation, heathen”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cop",
"2": "ϩⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ"
},
"expansion": "Coptic ϩⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ (hethnos)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "հեթանոս"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian հեթանոս (hetʻanos)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*haiduz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haiduz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "heiðr",
"tr": "honour, bright, moor"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse heiðr (honour, bright, moor)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "heiður",
"tr": "honour, bright weather"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic heiður (honour, bright weather)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *haiþinaz, probably a specifically Christian use of the base of *haiþī (“uncultivated land”).\nCognate to Old Frisian hêthin, hêthen, Old High German heidan, Old Norse heiðinn, Gothic *𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌽𐍃 (*haiþns, “gentile”) (attested as feminine 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌽𐍉 (haiþnō)). The Germanic word is primarily an adjective.\nPerhaps influenced by Ancient Greek ἔθνος (éthnos, “nation, heathen”), via the loans from Greek in Coptic ϩⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ (hethnos) and/or Old Armenian հեթանոս (hetʻanos). The stem-vowel was influenced by haiþi (“heath”). See also Proto-Germanic *haiduz, Old Norse heiðr (honour, bright, moor), Icelandic heiður (honour, bright weather).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hǣþen",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþeno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþeno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþeno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþenum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hǣþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hǣþen"
},
"expansion": "hǣþen",
"name": "ang-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hǣþen"
},
"name": "ang-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"pagan, heathen"
],
"links": [
[
"pagan",
"pagan"
],
[
"heathen",
"heathen"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxæː.θen/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈhæː.ðen]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "edh spelling",
"word": "hǣðen"
}
],
"word": "hæþen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English masculine a-stem nouns",
"Old English masculine nouns",
"Old English nouns",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with redundant head parameter"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hadinaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hadinaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *hadinaz, *hidanaz (“skirt”) (compare *hōdaz (“hood”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hæþen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hæþnas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hæþen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hæþnas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hæþnes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hæþna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hæþne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hæþnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "hæþen",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "hæþen m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"head": "hæþen"
},
"expansion": "hæþen m",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hæþn",
"nomsg": "hæþen"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hæþen",
"2": "hæþnas",
"3": "hæþen",
"4": "hæþnas",
"5": "hæþnes",
"6": "hæþna",
"7": "hæþne",
"8": "hæþnum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "heden"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of heden"
],
"links": [
[
"heden",
"heden#Old English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxæ.θen/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈhæ.ðen]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "edh spelling",
"word": "hæðen"
}
],
"word": "hæþen"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.