See fruma in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for fruma meaning in Old English (5.7kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "dǣdfruma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumbearn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumbierdling"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumbyrd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumcenned"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumcnēow"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumcynn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumgār"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumhræġl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumhīwung"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumieldo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumlēoht"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumlīehtan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumlīċ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumrǣd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumrīpan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumstemn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumstōl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumsċeaft"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumsċeatt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumsċieppend"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumsċyld"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumtalu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumtīd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumweorc"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumwyrhta"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumwīfung"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumċierr"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumġesċeap"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumġewrit"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frumġield"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "hildfruma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "landfruma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lēodfruma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lēohtfruma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "līffruma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ordfruma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "tīrfruma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "wīġfruma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ēadfruma"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "frume",
"3": "frome"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: frume, frome",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: frume, frome"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*frumô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *frumô",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fur-"
},
"expansion": "*fur-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*fr-"
},
"expansion": "*fr-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "for"
},
"expansion": "Old English for",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "for-"
},
"expansion": "for-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-umô"
},
"expansion": "*-umô",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰 (fruma)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prīmus"
},
"expansion": "Latin prīmus",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *frumô, from the stem *fur-, *fr- (Old English for, for-) + the rarer comparative suffix *-umô. Cognate with Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰 (fruma), Latin prīmus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fruman",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-n-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "fruma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fruman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fruman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fruman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fruman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fruman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "nominative plural",
"4": "fruman",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "fruma m (nominative plural fruman)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "fruman"
},
"expansion": "fruma m (nominative plural fruman)",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frum"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-n-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fruma",
"2": "fruman",
"3": "fruman",
"4": "fruman",
"5": "fruman",
"6": "frumena",
"7": "fruman",
"8": "frumum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "weak"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Beowulf wæs se fruma egeslíc / léodum on lande (...)",
"text": "This beginning was terrible for people in the land (...)",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beginning, origin"
],
"id": "en-fruma-ang-noun-FUn4cWAp",
"links": [
[
"beginning",
"beginning"
],
[
"origin",
"origin"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Then was the golden hilt to the old king / the old battle-leader given into his hand / the ancient work of giants",
"text": "Beowulf\nwine Scyldinga / léof landfruma lange áhte\nfriend of the Scyldings / beloved ruler of the land had ruled for a long time\nÐá wæs gyldenhilt gamelum rince / hárum hildfruman on hand gyfen / enta aérgeweorc",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prince, king, chief, ruler. Often used in compounds"
],
"id": "en-fruma-ang-noun-nbWNgCIy",
"links": [
[
"prince",
"prince"
],
[
"king",
"king"
],
[
"chief",
"chief"
],
[
"ruler",
"ruler"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 24 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"originator, inventor, creator"
],
"id": "en-fruma-ang-noun-KoA9dpFN",
"links": [
[
"originator",
"originator"
],
[
"inventor",
"inventor"
],
[
"creator",
"creator"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfru.mɑ/"
}
],
"word": "fruma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English masculine n-stem nouns",
"Old English masculine nouns",
"Old English nouns",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dǣdfruma"
},
{
"word": "frumbearn"
},
{
"word": "frumbierdling"
},
{
"word": "frumbyrd"
},
{
"word": "frumcenned"
},
{
"word": "frumcnēow"
},
{
"word": "frumcynn"
},
{
"word": "frumgār"
},
{
"word": "frumhræġl"
},
{
"word": "frumhīwung"
},
{
"word": "frumieldo"
},
{
"word": "frumlēoht"
},
{
"word": "frumlīehtan"
},
{
"word": "frumlīċ"
},
{
"word": "frumrǣd"
},
{
"word": "frumrīpan"
},
{
"word": "frumstemn"
},
{
"word": "frumstōl"
},
{
"word": "frumsċeaft"
},
{
"word": "frumsċeatt"
},
{
"word": "frumsċieppend"
},
{
"word": "frumsċyld"
},
{
"word": "frumtalu"
},
{
"word": "frumtīd"
},
{
"word": "frumweorc"
},
{
"word": "frumwyrhta"
},
{
"word": "frumwīfung"
},
{
"word": "frumċierr"
},
{
"word": "frumġesċeap"
},
{
"word": "frumġewrit"
},
{
"word": "frumġield"
},
{
"word": "hildfruma"
},
{
"word": "landfruma"
},
{
"word": "lēodfruma"
},
{
"word": "lēohtfruma"
},
{
"word": "līffruma"
},
{
"word": "ordfruma"
},
{
"word": "tīrfruma"
},
{
"word": "wīġfruma"
},
{
"word": "ēadfruma"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "frume",
"3": "frome"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: frume, frome",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: frume, frome"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*frumô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *frumô",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fur-"
},
"expansion": "*fur-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*fr-"
},
"expansion": "*fr-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "for"
},
"expansion": "Old English for",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "for-"
},
"expansion": "for-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-umô"
},
"expansion": "*-umô",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰 (fruma)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prīmus"
},
"expansion": "Latin prīmus",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *frumô, from the stem *fur-, *fr- (Old English for, for-) + the rarer comparative suffix *-umô. Cognate with Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰 (fruma), Latin prīmus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fruman",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-n-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "fruma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fruman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fruman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fruman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fruman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fruman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frumum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "nominative plural",
"4": "fruman",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "fruma m (nominative plural fruman)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "fruman"
},
"expansion": "fruma m (nominative plural fruman)",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frum"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-n-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fruma",
"2": "fruman",
"3": "fruman",
"4": "fruman",
"5": "fruman",
"6": "frumena",
"7": "fruman",
"8": "frumum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "weak"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Beowulf wæs se fruma egeslíc / léodum on lande (...)",
"text": "This beginning was terrible for people in the land (...)",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beginning, origin"
],
"links": [
[
"beginning",
"beginning"
],
[
"origin",
"origin"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Then was the golden hilt to the old king / the old battle-leader given into his hand / the ancient work of giants",
"text": "Beowulf\nwine Scyldinga / léof landfruma lange áhte\nfriend of the Scyldings / beloved ruler of the land had ruled for a long time\nÐá wæs gyldenhilt gamelum rince / hárum hildfruman on hand gyfen / enta aérgeweorc",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prince, king, chief, ruler. Often used in compounds"
],
"links": [
[
"prince",
"prince"
],
[
"king",
"king"
],
[
"chief",
"chief"
],
[
"ruler",
"ruler"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"originator, inventor, creator"
],
"links": [
[
"originator",
"originator"
],
[
"inventor",
"inventor"
],
[
"creator",
"creator"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfru.mɑ/"
}
],
"word": "fruma"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.