See dung in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "donge",
"alts": "1",
"id": "Hell"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: donge, dung, dunge",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: donge, dung, dunge"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xno",
"2": "donjon",
"alt": "donjun",
"sml": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Anglo-Norman: donjun (semantic loan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Anglo-Norman: donjun (semantic loan)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰengʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*dung",
"id": "cellar",
"t": "cellar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *dung (“cellar”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "dungeon"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *dung (“cellar”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dynġ",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-cons-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dung",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dynġ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dung",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dynġ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dynġ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dunge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dunga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dynġ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dungum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "nominative plural",
"4": "dynġ",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "dung f (nominative plural dynġ)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "dynġ"
},
"expansion": "dung f (nominative plural dynġ)",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dung",
"2": "dynġ"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-cons-f"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dung",
"2": "dynġ",
"3": "dung",
"4": "dynġ",
"5": "dynġ,dunge",
"6": "dunga",
"7": "dynġ",
"8": "dungum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong consonant stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "84 16",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ang",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "ang:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dungeon, prison"
],
"id": "en-dung-ang-noun-2IVvrZgk",
"links": [
[
"dungeon",
"dungeon"
],
[
"prison",
"prison"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dimhūs"
},
{
"word": "dinġ"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dunɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[duŋɡ]"
}
],
"word": "dung"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "donge",
"id": "dung"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: donge, dong, donke, doung, dounge, dung, dunge\nEnglish: dung\nScots: dung",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: donge, dong, donke, doung, dounge, dung, dunge\nEnglish: dung\nScots: dung"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "dung"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰengʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*dungō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dungō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰengʰ-",
"t": "to cover"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰengʰ- (“to cover”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *dungō, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰengʰ- (“to cover”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-o-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dung",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dunga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dunge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dunge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dunga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dunge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dunge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dunga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dunge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dungum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "dung f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "dung f",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dung"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-o-f"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dung",
"2": "dunga,dunge",
"3": "dunge",
"4": "dunga,dunge",
"5": "dunge",
"6": "dunga",
"7": "dunge",
"8": "dungum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong ō-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 65",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ang",
"name": "Feces",
"orig": "ang:Feces",
"parents": [
"Body",
"Toilet (room)",
"All topics",
"Hygiene",
"Rooms",
"Fundamental",
"Health",
"Buildings and structures",
"Architecture",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dung, manure"
],
"id": "en-dung-ang-noun-Jho3YYzp",
"links": [
[
"manure",
"manure"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ding"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dunɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[duŋɡ]"
}
],
"word": "dung"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English consonant stem nouns",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English feminine nouns",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English nouns",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰengʰ-",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English ō-stem nouns",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with tab characters",
"Sino-Vietnamese words",
"ang:Feces",
"ang:Law"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "donge",
"alts": "1",
"id": "Hell"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: donge, dung, dunge",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: donge, dung, dunge"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xno",
"2": "donjon",
"alt": "donjun",
"sml": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Anglo-Norman: donjun (semantic loan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Anglo-Norman: donjun (semantic loan)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰengʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*dung",
"id": "cellar",
"t": "cellar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *dung (“cellar”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "dungeon"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *dung (“cellar”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dynġ",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-cons-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dung",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dynġ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dung",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dynġ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dynġ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dunge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dunga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dynġ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dungum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "nominative plural",
"4": "dynġ",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "dung f (nominative plural dynġ)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "dynġ"
},
"expansion": "dung f (nominative plural dynġ)",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dung",
"2": "dynġ"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-cons-f"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dung",
"2": "dynġ",
"3": "dung",
"4": "dynġ",
"5": "dynġ,dunge",
"6": "dunga",
"7": "dynġ",
"8": "dungum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong consonant stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"dungeon, prison"
],
"links": [
[
"dungeon",
"dungeon"
],
[
"prison",
"prison"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dunɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[duŋɡ]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dimhūs"
},
{
"word": "dinġ"
}
],
"word": "dung"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English feminine nouns",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English nouns",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰengʰ-",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English ō-stem nouns",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with tab characters",
"Sino-Vietnamese words",
"ang:Feces",
"ang:Law"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "donge",
"id": "dung"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: donge, dong, donke, doung, dounge, dung, dunge\nEnglish: dung\nScots: dung",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: donge, dong, donke, doung, dounge, dung, dunge\nEnglish: dung\nScots: dung"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "dung"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰengʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*dungō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dungō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰengʰ-",
"t": "to cover"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰengʰ- (“to cover”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *dungō, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰengʰ- (“to cover”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-o-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dung",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dunga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dunge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dunge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dunga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dunge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dunge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dunga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dunge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dungum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "dung f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "dung f",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dung"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-o-f"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dung",
"2": "dunga,dunge",
"3": "dunge",
"4": "dunga,dunge",
"5": "dunge",
"6": "dunga",
"7": "dunge",
"8": "dungum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong ō-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"dung, manure"
],
"links": [
[
"manure",
"manure"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dunɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[duŋɡ]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ding"
}
],
"word": "dung"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dung meaning in Old English (6.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.