See clif in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "clif"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: clif",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: clif"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cliff"
},
"expansion": "English: cliff",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: cliff"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "clyft",
"3": "clift"
},
"expansion": "Scots: clyft, clift",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: clyft, clift"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*klib"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *klib",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*klibą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *klibą",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "klif"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon klif",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "clif"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch clif",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "klif"
},
"expansion": "Dutch klif",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "kleb"
},
"expansion": "Old High German kleb",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "klif"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse klif",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *klib, from Proto-Germanic *klibą. Cognate with Old Saxon klif, Middle Dutch clif, clef (Dutch klif), Old High German kleb, Old Norse klif.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "clif",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clifu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "clif",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clifu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "clifes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clifa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "clife",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clifum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cliu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "clif n",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n"
},
"expansion": "clif n",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "clif",
"short": "1"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-n"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "clif",
"2": "clifu",
"3": "clif",
"4": "clifu",
"5": "clifes",
"6": "clifa",
"7": "clife",
"8": "clifum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ang",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "ang:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Year 761 In this year was the great winter, and King Moll of Northumbria slew Oswine at Edwin's cliff on [in Latin] the eighth Ides of August.",
"text": "The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\nAn. DCCLXI Hēr wæs sē myċċla winter ⁊ Moll Norðhymbra cining ofslōh Ōswine æt Ædwines clife on octauo Īdūs Agustī.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a cliff; a group of rocks or crag"
],
"id": "en-clif-ang-noun-H1atd0A6",
"links": [
[
"cliff",
"cliff"
],
[
"crag",
"crag"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "clifian"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/klif/"
}
],
"word": "clif"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "clif"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: clif",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: clif"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cliff"
},
"expansion": "English: cliff",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: cliff"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "clyft",
"3": "clift"
},
"expansion": "Scots: clyft, clift",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: clyft, clift"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*klib"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *klib",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*klibą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *klibą",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "klif"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon klif",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "clif"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch clif",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "klif"
},
"expansion": "Dutch klif",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "kleb"
},
"expansion": "Old High German kleb",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "klif"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse klif",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *klib, from Proto-Germanic *klibą. Cognate with Old Saxon klif, Middle Dutch clif, clef (Dutch klif), Old High German kleb, Old Norse klif.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "clif",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clifu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "clif",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clifu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "clifes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clifa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "clife",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clifum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cliu",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "clif n",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n"
},
"expansion": "clif n",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "clif",
"short": "1"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-n"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "clif",
"2": "clifu",
"3": "clif",
"4": "clifu",
"5": "clifes",
"6": "clifa",
"7": "clife",
"8": "clifum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "clifian"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English neuter a-stem nouns",
"Old English neuter nouns",
"Old English nouns",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with quotations",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"ang:Landforms"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Year 761 In this year was the great winter, and King Moll of Northumbria slew Oswine at Edwin's cliff on [in Latin] the eighth Ides of August.",
"text": "The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle\nAn. DCCLXI Hēr wæs sē myċċla winter ⁊ Moll Norðhymbra cining ofslōh Ōswine æt Ædwines clife on octauo Īdūs Agustī.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a cliff; a group of rocks or crag"
],
"links": [
[
"cliff",
"cliff"
],
[
"crag",
"crag"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/klif/"
}
],
"word": "clif"
}
Download raw JSONL data for clif meaning in Old English (3.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (32c88e6 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.