-s in Old English

IPA: /s/ [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: From Proto-West Germanic *-issju, *-ussju, from Proto-Germanic *-isjō, *-usjō. Etymology templates: {{inh|ang|gmw-pro|*-issju}} Proto-West Germanic *-issju, {{inh|ang|gem-pro|*-isjō}} Proto-Germanic *-isjō Head templates: {{head|ang|suffix|cat2=|head=|head2=|sort=}} -s, {{ang-suffix|g=f}} -s Inflection templates: {{ang-decl-noun-o-f|-s}}, {{ang-decl-noun|-s|-sa,-se|-se|-sa,-se|-se|-sa|-se|-sum|num=|title=|type=strong ō-stem}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], -s [nominative, singular], -sa [nominative, plural], -se [nominative, plural], -se [accusative, singular], -sa [accusative, plural], -se [accusative, plural], -se [genitive, singular], -sa [genitive, plural], -se [dative, singular], -sum [dative, plural]

[Show JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*-issju"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-issju",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*-isjō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-isjō",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *-issju, *-ussju, from Proto-Germanic *-isjō, *-usjō.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-decl-noun-o-f",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-s",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-sa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-se",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-se",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-sa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-se",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-se",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-sa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-se",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-sum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "head": "",
        "head2": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-s",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "-s",
      "name": "ang-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-s"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun-o-f"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-s",
        "2": "-sa,-se",
        "3": "-se",
        "4": "-sa,-se",
        "5": "-se",
        "6": "-sa",
        "7": "-se",
        "8": "-sum",
        "num": "",
        "title": "",
        "type": "strong ō-stem"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 32 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "milde (“gentle, mild”) + -s → milts (“mercy”) (earlier milds)"
        },
        {
          "text": "līþe (“gentle, limber”) + -s → liss (“grace”) (earlier liþs)"
        },
        {
          "text": "cweþan (“to say, speak”) + -s → cwiss (“a saying”) (earlier cwiþs)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Feminine noun suffix forming nouns from adjectives and verbs"
      ],
      "id": "en--s-ang-suffix-ZzsM0Hze",
      "qualifier": "often affects the value or quality of preceding consonants; may or may not cause i-mutation; often affects the value or quality of preceding consonants; may or may not cause i-mutation",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(often affects the value or quality of preceding consonants, may or may not cause i-mutation) Feminine noun suffix forming nouns from adjectives and verbs"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/s/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-s"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 32 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*-issju"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-issju",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*-isjō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-isjō",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *-issju, *-ussju, from Proto-Germanic *-isjō, *-usjō.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-decl-noun-o-f",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-s",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-sa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-se",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-se",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-sa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-se",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-se",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-sa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-se",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-sum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "head": "",
        "head2": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-s",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "-s",
      "name": "ang-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-s"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun-o-f"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-s",
        "2": "-sa,-se",
        "3": "-se",
        "4": "-sa,-se",
        "5": "-se",
        "6": "-sa",
        "7": "-se",
        "8": "-sum",
        "num": "",
        "title": "",
        "type": "strong ō-stem"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
        "Old English lemmas",
        "Old English suffixes",
        "Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
        "Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
        "Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
        "Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Old English ō-stem nouns",
        "Pages with 32 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "milde (“gentle, mild”) + -s → milts (“mercy”) (earlier milds)"
        },
        {
          "text": "līþe (“gentle, limber”) + -s → liss (“grace”) (earlier liþs)"
        },
        {
          "text": "cweþan (“to say, speak”) + -s → cwiss (“a saying”) (earlier cwiþs)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Feminine noun suffix forming nouns from adjectives and verbs"
      ],
      "qualifier": "often affects the value or quality of preceding consonants; may or may not cause i-mutation; often affects the value or quality of preceding consonants; may or may not cause i-mutation",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(often affects the value or quality of preceding consonants, may or may not cause i-mutation) Feminine noun suffix forming nouns from adjectives and verbs"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/s/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-s"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"-s" meaning in Old English

Suffix