"-est" meaning in Old English

See -est in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

IPA: /est/
Etymology: From Proto-Germanic *-ustaz, *-istaz. Etymology templates: {{inh|ang|gem-pro|*-ustaz}} Proto-Germanic *-ustaz Head templates: {{head|ang|suffix|cat2=|head=|head2=|sort=}} -est, {{ang-suffix|g=f}} -est Inflection templates: {{ang-decl-noun-o-f|-est}}, {{ang-decl-noun|-est|-esta,-este|-este|-esta,-este|-este|-esta|-este|-estum|num=|title=|type=strong ō-stem}} Forms: strong [table-tags], -est [nominative, singular], -esta [nominative, plural], -este [nominative, plural], -este [accusative, singular], -esta [accusative, plural], -este [accusative, plural], -este [genitive, singular], -esta [genitive, plural], -este [dative, singular], -estum [dative, plural]
  1. suffix forming feminine nouns, originally from verbs Tags: morpheme Synonyms: -ost, -ust
    Sense id: en--est-ang-suffix-Lb6HeOaa Categories (other): Old English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 6 entries, Pages with entries

Alternative forms

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*-ustaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ustaz",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *-ustaz, *-istaz.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-decl-noun-o-f",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ō-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-est",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-esta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-este",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-este",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-esta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-este",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-este",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-esta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-este",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-estum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "head": "",
        "head2": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-est",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "-est",
      "name": "ang-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-est"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun-o-f"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-est",
        "2": "-esta,-este",
        "3": "-este",
        "4": "-esta,-este",
        "5": "-este",
        "6": "-esta",
        "7": "-este",
        "8": "-estum",
        "num": "",
        "title": "",
        "type": "strong ō-stem"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 6 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "earnest",
          "text": "eornost",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "service",
          "text": "þēnest",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "haste",
          "text": "ofost",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "battle, combat",
          "text": "orrest",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "suffix forming feminine nouns, originally from verbs"
      ],
      "id": "en--est-ang-suffix-Lb6HeOaa",
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "-ost"
        },
        {
          "word": "-ust"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/est/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-est"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*-ustaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ustaz",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *-ustaz, *-istaz.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-decl-noun-o-f",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ō-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-est",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-esta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-este",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-este",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-esta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-este",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-este",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-esta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-este",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-estum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "",
        "head": "",
        "head2": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "-est",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "-est",
      "name": "ang-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-est"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun-o-f"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-est",
        "2": "-esta,-este",
        "3": "-este",
        "4": "-esta,-este",
        "5": "-este",
        "6": "-esta",
        "7": "-este",
        "8": "-estum",
        "num": "",
        "title": "",
        "type": "strong ō-stem"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
        "Old English lemmas",
        "Old English suffixes",
        "Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
        "Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Old English terms with usage examples",
        "Old English ō-stem nouns",
        "Pages with 6 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "earnest",
          "text": "eornost",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "service",
          "text": "þēnest",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "haste",
          "text": "ofost",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "battle, combat",
          "text": "orrest",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "suffix forming feminine nouns, originally from verbs"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/est/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "-ost"
    },
    {
      "word": "-ust"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-est"
}

Download raw JSONL data for -est meaning in Old English (2.5kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (d6bf104 and a5af179). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.