See -el in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -el meaning in Old English (3.9kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-a-l-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-a-l-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *-a-l-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-el",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-el",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-ol"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -ol"
],
"id": "en--el-ang-suffix-0GayhBqs",
"links": [
[
"-ol",
"-ol#Old English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/el/"
}
],
"word": "-el"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-el",
"id": "agentive",
"noalts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: -el\nEnglish: -le, -el\nScots: -le, -el",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: -el\nEnglish: -le, -el\nScots: -le, -el"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ilaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ilaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *-ilaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-el",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-las",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-el",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-las",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eles",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-les",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ela",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-la",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-le",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-lum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-el",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-el",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-el",
"2": "-elas,-las",
"3": "-el",
"4": "-elas,-las",
"5": "-eles,-les",
"6": "-ela,-la",
"7": "-ele,-le",
"8": "-elum,-lum"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 71",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "crēopan (“to creep”) + -el → crypel (“cripple”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "bēodan (“to command”) + -el → bydel (“herald, messenger”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "spittan (“to dig”) + -el → spitel (“shovel”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "hladan (“to lade”) + -el → hlædel (“ladle”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "þrēapian (“to reprove, reprehend”) + -el → þrīpel (“instrument of punishment, cross”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"agent and instrumental suffix creating nouns from verbs"
],
"id": "en--el-ang-suffix-Zu5vDJmn",
"qualifier": "causes i-mutation",
"raw_glosses": [
"(causes i-mutation) agent and instrumental suffix creating nouns from verbs"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-il"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/el/"
}
],
"word": "-el"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English suffixes",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-a-l-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-a-l-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *-a-l-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-el",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-el",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-ol"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -ol"
],
"links": [
[
"-ol",
"-ol#Old English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/el/"
}
],
"word": "-el"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English suffixes",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-el",
"id": "agentive",
"noalts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: -el\nEnglish: -le, -el\nScots: -le, -el",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: -el\nEnglish: -le, -el\nScots: -le, -el"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ilaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ilaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *-ilaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-el",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-las",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-el",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-las",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eles",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-les",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ela",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-la",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-le",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-lum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-el",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-el",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-el",
"2": "-elas,-las",
"3": "-el",
"4": "-elas,-las",
"5": "-eles,-les",
"6": "-ela,-la",
"7": "-ele,-le",
"8": "-elum,-lum"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "crēopan (“to creep”) + -el → crypel (“cripple”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "bēodan (“to command”) + -el → bydel (“herald, messenger”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "spittan (“to dig”) + -el → spitel (“shovel”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "hladan (“to lade”) + -el → hlædel (“ladle”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "þrēapian (“to reprove, reprehend”) + -el → þrīpel (“instrument of punishment, cross”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"agent and instrumental suffix creating nouns from verbs"
],
"qualifier": "causes i-mutation",
"raw_glosses": [
"(causes i-mutation) agent and instrumental suffix creating nouns from verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/el/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-il"
}
],
"word": "-el"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (1b9bfc5 and 0136956). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.