See þurfan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for þurfan meaning in Old English (3.8kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "tharen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: tharen\nEnglish: thair (dialectal)\nScots: thair",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: tharen\nEnglish: thair (dialectal)\nScots: thair"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þurban",
"4": "",
"5": "to need"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þurban (“to need”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*thurva"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian *thurva",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "thurƀan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon thurƀan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "thurvan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch thurvan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "durfan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German durfan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "þurfa"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse þurfa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽 (þaurban)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *þurban (“to need”).\nGermanic cognates include Old Frisian *thurva, Old Saxon thurƀan, Old Dutch thurvan, Old High German durfan, Old Norse þurfa, Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽 (þaurban).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "þurfan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "þearfenne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "þearf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þorfte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þearft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þorftest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þearf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "þorfte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "þurfon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "þorfton",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þyrfe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þorfte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þyrfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "þorften",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þyrfe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þurfaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "þearfende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "þurfan",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "þurfan<pp>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "83 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to need [+genitive]",
"to need"
],
"id": "en-þurfan-ang-verb-D6dp-ZQh",
"links": [
[
"need",
"need"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"to need [+genitive]"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to be obliged (to do something)"
],
"id": "en-þurfan-ang-verb-eq-riOBu",
"links": [
[
"obliged",
"obliged"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈθur.fɑn/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈθurˠ.vɑn]"
}
],
"word": "þurfan"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English preterite-present verbs",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English verbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "tharen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: tharen\nEnglish: thair (dialectal)\nScots: thair",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: tharen\nEnglish: thair (dialectal)\nScots: thair"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þurban",
"4": "",
"5": "to need"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þurban (“to need”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*thurva"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian *thurva",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "thurƀan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon thurƀan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "thurvan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch thurvan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "durfan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German durfan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "þurfa"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse þurfa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽 (þaurban)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *þurban (“to need”).\nGermanic cognates include Old Frisian *thurva, Old Saxon thurƀan, Old Dutch thurvan, Old High German durfan, Old Norse þurfa, Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽 (þaurban).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "þurfan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "þearfenne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "þearf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þorfte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þearft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þorftest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þearf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "þorfte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "þurfon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "þorfton",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þyrfe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þorfte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þyrfen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "þorften",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þyrfe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þurfaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "þearfende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "þurfan",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "þurfan<pp>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to need [+genitive]",
"to need"
],
"links": [
[
"need",
"need"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"to need [+genitive]"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to be obliged (to do something)"
],
"links": [
[
"obliged",
"obliged"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈθur.fɑn/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈθurˠ.vɑn]"
}
],
"word": "þurfan"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (ae36afe and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.