"libben" meaning in Old Dutch

See libben in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: From Proto-West Germanic *libbjan, from Proto-Germanic *libjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“leave, cling, linger”). Etymology templates: {{inh|odt|gmw-pro|*libbjan}} Proto-West Germanic *libbjan, {{inh|odt|gem-pro|*libjaną}} Proto-Germanic *libjaną, {{der|odt|ine-pro|*leyp-||leave, cling, linger}} Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“leave, cling, linger”) Head templates: {{head|odt|verb|cat2=|head=|sort=}} libben, {{odt-verb}} libben Inflection templates: {{odt-conj-wk3|libb}} Forms: weak [table-tags], libben [infinitive], levon [infinitive], libbo [first-person, present, singular], libbon [first-person, present, singular], levo [first-person, present, singular], levon [first-person, present, singular], levda [first-person, past, singular], levoda [first-person, past, singular], lives [present, second-person, singular], livest [present, second-person, singular], levos [present, second-person, singular], levost [present, second-person, singular], levdos [past, second-person, singular], levodos [past, second-person, singular], livet [present, singular, third-person], levot [present, singular, third-person], levda [past, singular, third-person], levoda [past, singular, third-person], libbon [first-person, plural, present], levon [first-person, plural, present], levdun [first-person, past, plural], levodun [first-person, past, plural], livet [plural, present, second-person], levot [plural, present, second-person], levdut [past, plural, second-person], levodut [past, plural, second-person], libbent [plural, present, third-person], levont [plural, present, third-person], levdun [past, plural, third-person], levodun [past, plural, third-person], libbe [first-person, present, singular], livdi [first-person, past, singular], levodi [first-person, past, singular], libbes [present, second-person, singular], libbest [present, second-person, singular], livdis [past, second-person, singular], levodis [past, second-person, singular], libbe [present, singular, third-person], levo [present, singular, third-person], livdi [past, singular, third-person], levodi [past, singular, third-person], libben [first-person, plural, present], livdin [first-person, past, plural], levodin [first-person, past, plural], libbet [plural, present, second-person], livdit [past, plural, second-person], levodit [past, plural, second-person], libben [plural, present, third-person], levon [plural, present, third-person], livdin [past, plural, third-person], levodin [past, plural, third-person], live [present, singular], levo [present, singular], livet [plural, present], levot [plural, present], libbendi [present], levondi [present], gileft [past], gilevot [past]
  1. to live
    Sense id: en-libben-odt-verb-ipZlC7B7 Categories (other): Old Dutch entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries
     
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "leven"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: leven\nDutch: leven\nAfrikaans: leef, lewe\nBerbice Creole Dutch: lefu\nJersey Dutch: lêve\nNegerhollands: leev, lif, leven\nLimburgish: laeve",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: leven\nDutch: leven\nAfrikaans: leef, lewe\nBerbice Creole Dutch: lefu\nJersey Dutch: lêve\nNegerhollands: leev, lif, leven\nLimburgish: laeve"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "odt",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*libbjan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *libbjan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "odt",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*libjaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *libjaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "odt",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*leyp-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "leave, cling, linger"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“leave, cling, linger”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *libbjan, from Proto-Germanic *libjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“leave, cling, linger”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odt-conj-wk3",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "3",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "libben",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "libbo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "libbon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levda",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levoda",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lives",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "livest",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levost",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levdos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levodos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "livet",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levot",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levda",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levoda",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "libbon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levdun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levodun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "livet",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levot",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levdut",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levodut",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "libbent",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levont",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levdun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levodun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "libbe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "livdi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levodi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "libbes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "libbest",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "livdis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levodis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "libbe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "livdi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levodi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "libben",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "livdin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levodin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "libbet",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "livdit",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levodit",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "libben",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "livdin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levodin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "live",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "livet",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levot",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "libbendi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levondi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gileft",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gilevot",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "odt",
        "2": "verb",
        "cat2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "libben",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "libben",
      "name": "odt-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "libb"
      },
      "name": "odt-conj-wk3"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Dutch",
  "lang_code": "odt",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to live"
      ],
      "id": "en-libben-odt-verb-ipZlC7B7",
      "links": [
        [
          "live",
          "live"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "libben"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "leven"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: leven\nDutch: leven\nAfrikaans: leef, lewe\nBerbice Creole Dutch: lefu\nJersey Dutch: lêve\nNegerhollands: leev, lif, leven\nLimburgish: laeve",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: leven\nDutch: leven\nAfrikaans: leef, lewe\nBerbice Creole Dutch: lefu\nJersey Dutch: lêve\nNegerhollands: leev, lif, leven\nLimburgish: laeve"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "odt",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*libbjan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *libbjan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "odt",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*libjaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *libjaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "odt",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*leyp-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "leave, cling, linger"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“leave, cling, linger”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *libbjan, from Proto-Germanic *libjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“leave, cling, linger”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odt-conj-wk3",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "3",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "libben",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "libbo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "libbon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levda",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levoda",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lives",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "livest",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levost",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levdos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levodos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "livet",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levot",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levda",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levoda",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "libbon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levdun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levodun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "livet",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levot",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levdut",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levodut",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "libbent",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levont",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levdun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levodun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "libbe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "livdi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levodi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "libbes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "libbest",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "livdis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levodis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "libbe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "livdi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levodi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "libben",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "livdin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levodin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "libbet",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "livdit",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levodit",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "libben",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "livdin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levodin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "live",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "livet",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levot",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "libbendi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "levondi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gileft",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gilevot",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "odt",
        "2": "verb",
        "cat2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "libben",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "libben",
      "name": "odt-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "libb"
      },
      "name": "odt-conj-wk3"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Dutch",
  "lang_code": "odt",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Dutch basic verbs",
        "Old Dutch class 3 weak verbs",
        "Old Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
        "Old Dutch lemmas",
        "Old Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Old Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Old Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
        "Old Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
        "Old Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
        "Old Dutch verbs",
        "Pages with 3 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to live"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "live",
          "live"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "libben"
}

Download raw JSONL data for libben meaning in Old Dutch (7.1kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-10-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (eaa6b66 and a709d4b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.