See -ու in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "-ու"
},
"expansion": "Armenian: -ու (-u)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Armenian: -ու (-u)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-usyā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-usyā",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *-usyā, the feminine form of the participle suffix *-wes. See also -ուք (-ukʻ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-u",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "xcl-noun-ի-ա",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ու",
"roman": "-u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ուք",
"roman": "-ukʻ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ուի",
"roman": "-ui",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ուաց",
"roman": "-uacʻ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ուի",
"roman": "-ui",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ուաց",
"roman": "-uacʻ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ու",
"roman": "-u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ուս",
"roman": "-us",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ուէ",
"roman": "-uē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ուաց",
"roman": "-uacʻ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ուաւ",
"roman": "-uaw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ուաւք = -ուօք (-uawkʻ = -uōkʻ)",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ուի",
"roman": "-ui",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ուս",
"roman": "-us",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "suffix",
"head": "",
"sort": "ու",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "-ու • (-u)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sort": "ու"
},
"expansion": "-ու • (-u)",
"name": "xcl-suffix"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-ու",
"11": "-ուաց",
"13": "-ու",
"15": "-ուս",
"17": "-ուէ",
"19": "-ուաց",
"21": "-ուաւ",
"23": "-ուաւք = -ուօք",
"25": "-ուի",
"27": "-ուս",
"3": "-ուք",
"5": "-ուի",
"7": "-ուաց",
"9": "-ուի",
"note": "",
"type": "i-a-type"
},
"name": "xcl-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Armenian links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I cut",
"roman": "hatanem",
"text": "հատանեմ",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "sharp, cutting",
"roman": "hatu",
"text": "հատու",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I bite",
"roman": "kcanem",
"text": "կծանեմ",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "tart, pungent",
"roman": "kcu",
"text": "կծու",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "salt",
"roman": "ał",
"text": "աղ",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "agreeable",
"roman": "ału",
"text": "աղու",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming adjectives."
],
"id": "en--ու-xcl-suffix-Zz7kCCQp",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ու"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-u"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-u",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Contamination of Proto-Indo-European *-u stem vowel with the *-yo, *-yā suffix.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-u",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "suffix",
"head": "",
"sort": "ու",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "-ու • (-u)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sort": "ու"
},
"expansion": "-ու • (-u)",
"name": "xcl-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 3 35 5 31 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Armenian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 11 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 6 35 5 34 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 4 39 3 38 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 60",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Armenian terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"found in a few words, such as արու (aru), եղջերու (ełǰeru), մեղու (mełu), ուրջու (urǰu)"
],
"id": "en--ու-xcl-suffix-tnn5RuTh",
"links": [
[
"արու",
"արու#Old_Armenian"
],
[
"եղջերու",
"եղջերու#Old_Armenian"
],
[
"մեղու",
"մեղու#Old_Armenian"
],
[
"ուրջու",
"ուրջու#Old_Armenian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ու"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "According to Godel, identical with the -ու- (-u-) stem vowel. The remaining stem, standing in contrast to the nominative/accusative singular (which lost its stem), was apt to function as a full-fledged case form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-u",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ու • (-u)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 3 35 5 31 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Armenian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 6 35 5 34 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 4 39 3 38 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ծովու ― covu ― genitive/dative/instrumental/locative singular of ծով (cov)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"singular genitive/dative/instrumental/locative marker for u-declension words"
],
"id": "en--ու-xcl-suffix-MJtzq18i",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ու"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Armenian entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Armenian inflectional suffixes",
"Old Armenian lemmas",
"Old Armenian links with redundant wikilinks",
"Old Armenian suffixes",
"Old Armenian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Armenian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Armenian terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "-ու"
},
"expansion": "Armenian: -ու (-u)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Armenian: -ու (-u)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-usyā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-usyā",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *-usyā, the feminine form of the participle suffix *-wes. See also -ուք (-ukʻ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-u",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "xcl-noun-ի-ա",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ու",
"roman": "-u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ուք",
"roman": "-ukʻ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ուի",
"roman": "-ui",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ուաց",
"roman": "-uacʻ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ուի",
"roman": "-ui",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ուաց",
"roman": "-uacʻ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ու",
"roman": "-u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ուս",
"roman": "-us",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ուէ",
"roman": "-uē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ուաց",
"roman": "-uacʻ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ուաւ",
"roman": "-uaw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ուաւք = -ուօք (-uawkʻ = -uōkʻ)",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ուի",
"roman": "-ui",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ուս",
"roman": "-us",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "suffix",
"head": "",
"sort": "ու",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "-ու • (-u)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sort": "ու"
},
"expansion": "-ու • (-u)",
"name": "xcl-suffix"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-ու",
"11": "-ուաց",
"13": "-ու",
"15": "-ուս",
"17": "-ուէ",
"19": "-ուաց",
"21": "-ուաւ",
"23": "-ուաւք = -ուօք",
"25": "-ուի",
"27": "-ուս",
"3": "-ուք",
"5": "-ուի",
"7": "-ուաց",
"9": "-ուի",
"note": "",
"type": "i-a-type"
},
"name": "xcl-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Armenian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I cut",
"roman": "hatanem",
"text": "հատանեմ",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "sharp, cutting",
"roman": "hatu",
"text": "հատու",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I bite",
"roman": "kcanem",
"text": "կծանեմ",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "tart, pungent",
"roman": "kcu",
"text": "կծու",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "salt",
"roman": "ał",
"text": "աղ",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "agreeable",
"roman": "ału",
"text": "աղու",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forming adjectives."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ու"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Armenian entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Armenian inflectional suffixes",
"Old Armenian lemmas",
"Old Armenian suffixes",
"Old Armenian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Armenian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Armenian terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-u"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-u",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Contamination of Proto-Indo-European *-u stem vowel with the *-yo, *-yā suffix.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-u",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "suffix",
"head": "",
"sort": "ու",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "-ու • (-u)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sort": "ու"
},
"expansion": "-ու • (-u)",
"name": "xcl-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"found in a few words, such as արու (aru), եղջերու (ełǰeru), մեղու (mełu), ուրջու (urǰu)"
],
"links": [
[
"արու",
"արու#Old_Armenian"
],
[
"եղջերու",
"եղջերու#Old_Armenian"
],
[
"մեղու",
"մեղու#Old_Armenian"
],
[
"ուրջու",
"ուրջու#Old_Armenian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ու"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Armenian entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Armenian inflectional suffixes",
"Old Armenian lemmas",
"Old Armenian suffixes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "According to Godel, identical with the -ու- (-u-) stem vowel. The remaining stem, standing in contrast to the nominative/accusative singular (which lost its stem), was apt to function as a full-fledged case form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-u",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ու • (-u)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Armenian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ծովու ― covu ― genitive/dative/instrumental/locative singular of ծով (cov)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"singular genitive/dative/instrumental/locative marker for u-declension words"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ու"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ու meaning in Old Armenian (6.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Armenian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (9e2b7d3 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.