"եմ" meaning in Old Armenian

See եմ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi. See also ես (es), է (ē), են (en). Etymology templates: {{inh|xcl|ine-pro|*h₁ésmi}} Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi Head templates: {{head|xcl|verb|head=|tr=}} եմ • (em), {{xcl-verb}} եմ • (em) Inflection templates: {{xcl-conj-եմ-def|note=subjunctive aorist <i class="Armn mention" lang="xcl">իցէի</i> (icʻēi) and an infinitive <i class="Armn mention" lang="xcl">ել</i> (el) are attested from the Hellenizing and Latinizing schools}}, {{xcl-conj|aorstem=|caus=—|cohort1=—|cohort2=—|imp1=ե՛ր|imp2=է՛ք, երո՛ւք|indaor1=—|indaor2=—|indaor3=—|indaor4=—|indaor5=—|indaor6=—|indimp1={{{2}}}էի, {{{2}}}եի*|indimp2={{{2}}}էիր, {{{2}}}եիր*|indimp3={{{2}}}էր|indimp4={{{2}}}էաք, {{{2}}}եաք*|indimp5={{{2}}}էիք, {{{2}}}եիք*|indimp6={{{2}}}էին, {{{2}}}եին*|indpr1={{{2}}}եմ|indpr2={{{2}}}ես|indpr3={{{2}}}է|indpr4={{{2}}}եմք|indpr5={{{2}}}էք|indpr6={{{2}}}են|inf=—|note=*rare the verb is defective subjunctive aorist <i class="Armn mention" lang="xcl">իցէի</i> (icʻēi) and an infinitive <i class="Armn mention" lang="xcl">ել</i> (el) are attested from the Hellenizing and Latinizing schools|part=—|prohib1=—|prohib2=—|subjaor1=—|subjaor2=—|subjaor3=—|subjaor4=—|subjaor5=—|subjaor6=—|subjpr1={{{2}}}իցեմ|subjpr2={{{2}}}իցես|subjpr3={{{2}}}իցէ|subjpr4={{{2}}}իցեմք|subjpr5={{{2}}}իցէք|subjpr6={{{2}}}իցեն|title=active}} Forms: em [romanization], no-table-tags [table-tags], - [infinitive], - [participle], - [causative], - [stem], {{{2}}}եմ ({{{2}}}em) [first-person, indicative, present, singular], {{{2}}}ես ({{{2}}}es) [indicative, present, second-person, singular], {{{2}}}է ({{{2}}}ē) [indicative, present, singular, third-person], {{{2}}}եմք ({{{2}}}emkʻ) [first-person, indicative, plural, present], {{{2}}}էք ({{{2}}}ēkʻ) [indicative, plural, present, second-person], {{{2}}}են ({{{2}}}en) [indicative, plural, present, third-person], {{{2}}}էի [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], {{{2}}}եի ({{{2}}}ēi, {{{2}}}ei*) [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], {{{2}}}էիր [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], {{{2}}}եիր ({{{2}}}ēir, {{{2}}}eir*) [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], {{{2}}}էր ({{{2}}}ēr) [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], {{{2}}}էաք [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], {{{2}}}եաք ({{{2}}}ēakʻ, {{{2}}}eakʻ*) [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], {{{2}}}էիք [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], {{{2}}}եիք ({{{2}}}ēikʻ, {{{2}}}eikʻ*) [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], {{{2}}}էին [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], {{{2}}}եին ({{{2}}}ēin, {{{2}}}ein*) [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], - [aorist, first-person, indicative, singular], - [aorist, indicative, second-person, singular], - [aorist, indicative, singular, third-person], - [aorist, first-person, indicative, plural], - [aorist, indicative, plural, second-person], - [aorist, indicative, plural, third-person], {{{2}}}իցեմ ({{{2}}}icʻem) [first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], {{{2}}}իցես ({{{2}}}icʻes) [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], {{{2}}}իցէ ({{{2}}}icʻē) [present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], {{{2}}}իցեմք ({{{2}}}icʻemkʻ) [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], {{{2}}}իցէք ({{{2}}}icʻēkʻ) [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], {{{2}}}իցեն ({{{2}}}icʻen) [plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], - [aorist, first-person, singular, subjunctive], - [aorist, second-person, singular, subjunctive], - [aorist, singular, subjunctive, third-person], - [aorist, first-person, plural, subjunctive], - [aorist, plural, second-person, subjunctive], - [aorist, plural, subjunctive, third-person], - [first-person, imperative, singular], ե՛ր [imperative, second-person, singular], - [imperative, singular, third-person], - [first-person, imperative, plural], է՛ք [imperative, plural, second-person], երո՛ւք [imperative, plural, second-person], - [imperative, plural, third-person], - [cohortative, first-person, imperative, singular], - [cohortative, imperative, second-person, singular], - [cohortative, imperative, singular, third-person], - [cohortative, first-person, imperative, plural], - [cohortative, imperative, plural, second-person], - [cohortative, imperative, plural, third-person], - [first-person, imperative, prohibitive, singular], - [imperative, prohibitive, second-person, singular], - [imperative, prohibitive, singular, third-person], - [first-person, imperative, plural, prohibitive], - [imperative, plural, prohibitive, second-person], - [imperative, plural, prohibitive, third-person]
  1. to be
    Sense id: en-եմ-xcl-verb-CvEgfuq9 Categories (other): Old Armenian entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Derived forms: անէ (anē), անէութիւն (anēutʻiwn), է (ē), էակ (ēak), էական (ēakan), էանամ (ēanam), էապէս (ēapēs), էութիւն (ēutʻiwn), նախէ (naxē), ոչէ (očʻē), Որ էն (Or ēn), չէ (čʻē), չէական (čʻēakan), չէզոք (čʻēzokʻ), չէութիւն (čʻēutʻiwn), չէր (čʻēr), րեն (ren), րէն (rēn)

Inflected forms

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hy",
            "2": "եմ"
          },
          "expansion": "Armenian: եմ (em)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Armenian: եմ (em)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁ésmi"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi. See also ես (es), է (ē), են (en).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "em",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xcl-conj-եմ-def",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "{{{2}}}եմ ({{{2}}}em)",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "{{{2}}}ես ({{{2}}}es)",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "{{{2}}}է ({{{2}}}ē)",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "{{{2}}}եմք ({{{2}}}emkʻ)",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "{{{2}}}էք ({{{2}}}ēkʻ)",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "{{{2}}}են ({{{2}}}en)",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "{{{2}}}էի",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "{{{2}}}եի ({{{2}}}ēi, {{{2}}}ei*)",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "{{{2}}}էիր",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "{{{2}}}եիր ({{{2}}}ēir, {{{2}}}eir*)",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "{{{2}}}էր ({{{2}}}ēr)",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "{{{2}}}էաք",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "{{{2}}}եաք ({{{2}}}ēakʻ, {{{2}}}eakʻ*)",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "{{{2}}}էիք",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "{{{2}}}եիք ({{{2}}}ēikʻ, {{{2}}}eikʻ*)",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "{{{2}}}էին",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "{{{2}}}եին ({{{2}}}ēin, {{{2}}}ein*)",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "{{{2}}}իցեմ ({{{2}}}icʻem)",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "{{{2}}}իցես ({{{2}}}icʻes)",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "{{{2}}}իցէ ({{{2}}}icʻē)",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "{{{2}}}իցեմք ({{{2}}}icʻemkʻ)",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "{{{2}}}իցէք ({{{2}}}icʻēkʻ)",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "{{{2}}}իցեն ({{{2}}}icʻen)",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ե՛ր",
      "roman": "ér",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "է՛ք",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "երո՛ւք",
      "roman": "ḗkʻ, erúkʻ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "cohortative",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "cohortative",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "cohortative",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "cohortative",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "cohortative",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "cohortative",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "prohibitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "prohibitive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "prohibitive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "prohibitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "prohibitive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "prohibitive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "եմ • (em)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "եմ • (em)",
      "name": "xcl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "note": "subjunctive aorist <i class=\"Armn mention\" lang=\"xcl\">իցէի</i> (icʻēi) and an infinitive <i class=\"Armn mention\" lang=\"xcl\">ել</i> (el) are attested from the Hellenizing and Latinizing schools"
      },
      "name": "xcl-conj-եմ-def"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "aorstem": "",
        "caus": "—",
        "cohort1": "—",
        "cohort2": "—",
        "imp1": "ե՛ր",
        "imp2": "է՛ք, երո՛ւք",
        "indaor1": "—",
        "indaor2": "—",
        "indaor3": "—",
        "indaor4": "—",
        "indaor5": "—",
        "indaor6": "—",
        "indimp1": "{{{2}}}էի, {{{2}}}եի*",
        "indimp2": "{{{2}}}էիր, {{{2}}}եիր*",
        "indimp3": "{{{2}}}էր",
        "indimp4": "{{{2}}}էաք, {{{2}}}եաք*",
        "indimp5": "{{{2}}}էիք, {{{2}}}եիք*",
        "indimp6": "{{{2}}}էին, {{{2}}}եին*",
        "indpr1": "{{{2}}}եմ",
        "indpr2": "{{{2}}}ես",
        "indpr3": "{{{2}}}է",
        "indpr4": "{{{2}}}եմք",
        "indpr5": "{{{2}}}էք",
        "indpr6": "{{{2}}}են",
        "inf": "—",
        "note": "*rare\nthe verb is defective\nsubjunctive aorist <i class=\"Armn mention\" lang=\"xcl\">իցէի</i> (icʻēi) and an infinitive <i class=\"Armn mention\" lang=\"xcl\">ել</i> (el) are attested from the Hellenizing and Latinizing schools",
        "part": "—",
        "prohib1": "—",
        "prohib2": "—",
        "subjaor1": "—",
        "subjaor2": "—",
        "subjaor3": "—",
        "subjaor4": "—",
        "subjaor5": "—",
        "subjaor6": "—",
        "subjpr1": "{{{2}}}իցեմ",
        "subjpr2": "{{{2}}}իցես",
        "subjpr3": "{{{2}}}իցէ",
        "subjpr4": "{{{2}}}իցեմք",
        "subjpr5": "{{{2}}}իցէք",
        "subjpr6": "{{{2}}}իցեն",
        "title": "active"
      },
      "name": "xcl-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Armenian",
  "lang_code": "xcl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Armenian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "anē",
          "word": "անէ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "anēutʻiwn",
          "word": "անէութիւն"
        },
        {
          "roman": "ē",
          "word": "է"
        },
        {
          "roman": "ēak",
          "word": "էակ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "ēakan",
          "word": "էական"
        },
        {
          "roman": "ēanam",
          "word": "էանամ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "ēapēs",
          "word": "էապէս"
        },
        {
          "roman": "ēutʻiwn",
          "word": "էութիւն"
        },
        {
          "roman": "naxē",
          "word": "նախէ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "očʻē",
          "word": "ոչէ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Or ēn",
          "word": "Որ էն"
        },
        {
          "roman": "čʻē",
          "word": "չէ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "čʻēakan",
          "word": "չէական"
        },
        {
          "roman": "čʻēzokʻ",
          "word": "չէզոք"
        },
        {
          "roman": "čʻēutʻiwn",
          "word": "չէութիւն"
        },
        {
          "roman": "čʻēr",
          "word": "չէր"
        },
        {
          "roman": "ren",
          "word": "րեն"
        },
        {
          "roman": "rēn",
          "word": "րէն"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              14,
              21
            ],
            [
              26,
              35
            ]
          ],
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              1
            ],
            [
              6,
              7
            ],
            [
              6,
              8
            ],
            [
              13,
              14
            ],
            [
              22,
              23
            ],
            [
              27,
              28
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              1
            ],
            [
              6,
              7
            ],
            [
              6,
              8
            ],
            [
              13,
              14
            ],
            [
              22,
              23
            ],
            [
              27,
              28
            ]
          ],
          "english": "sometimes; it happens, it turns out...",
          "roman": "ē zi, ēr zi, ē urekʻ, ē erbēkʻ zi...",
          "text": "է զի, էր զի, է ուրեք, է երբէք զի...",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              2,
              4
            ],
            [
              12,
              14
            ]
          ],
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              5
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              5
            ]
          ],
          "english": "I am that I am.",
          "roman": "Es em Astuac, or Ēn.",
          "text": "Ես եմ Աստուած՝ որ Էն։",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              2,
              4
            ],
            [
              6,
              11
            ],
            [
              15,
              20
            ]
          ],
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              5
            ],
            [
              10,
              12
            ],
            [
              24,
              26
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              5
            ],
            [
              10,
              12
            ],
            [
              24,
              26
            ]
          ],
          "english": "I am, it is I, it is I who blot out and pardon.",
          "roman": "Es em, es em noyn or ǰnǰem.",
          "text": "Ես եմ՝ ես եմ նոյն որ ջնջեմ։",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_literal_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              10
            ]
          ],
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              9,
              12
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              9,
              12
            ]
          ],
          "english": "A certain man had two sons.",
          "literal_meaning": "There were two sons of one man.",
          "roman": "Aṙn mioǰ ēin erku ordikʻ.",
          "text": "Առն միոջ էին երկու որդիք։",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              6
            ]
          ],
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              2
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              2
            ]
          ],
          "english": "He was twelve years old.",
          "roman": "Ēr amacʻ erkotasanicʻ.",
          "text": "Էր ամաց երկոտասանից։",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              4
            ]
          ],
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              6,
              8
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              7,
              9
            ]
          ],
          "english": "I am eating.",
          "roman": "Yutel em.",
          "text": "Յուտել եմ։",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              1
            ],
            [
              6,
              7
            ],
            [
              16,
              17
            ],
            [
              20,
              21
            ],
            [
              25,
              26
            ],
            [
              25,
              27
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              1
            ],
            [
              6,
              7
            ],
            [
              16,
              17
            ],
            [
              21,
              22
            ],
            [
              25,
              26
            ],
            [
              25,
              27
            ]
          ],
          "english": "sometimes; now and then",
          "roman": "ē zi, ē erbemn, ē urēkʻ, ēr zi",
          "text": "է զի, է երբեմն, է ուրէք, էր զի",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              1
            ],
            [
              6,
              8
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              1
            ],
            [
              6,
              8
            ]
          ],
          "english": "some, some one; one ... and the other; some ... others; some... some; sometimes",
          "roman": "ē or, en or",
          "text": "է որ, են որ",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              6,
              15
            ]
          ],
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              4,
              6
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              4,
              7
            ]
          ],
          "english": "live, fare thee well",
          "roman": "ołǰ ér",
          "text": "ողջ ե՛ր",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_literal_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              9
            ]
          ],
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              2
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              2
            ]
          ],
          "english": "He has two sons.",
          "literal_meaning": "There are two sons of him.",
          "roman": "En nora erku ordikʻ.",
          "text": "Են նորա երկու որդիք։",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              5
            ],
            [
              3,
              5
            ],
            [
              24,
              26
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              4
            ],
            [
              2,
              4
            ],
            [
              22,
              24
            ]
          ],
          "english": "whatever it may be",
          "roman": "icʻen aysokʻik orpēs ew en",
          "text": "իցեն այսոքիկ որպէս եւ են",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be"
      ],
      "id": "en-եմ-xcl-verb-CvEgfuq9",
      "links": [
        [
          "be",
          "be"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "եմ"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "anē",
      "word": "անէ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "anēutʻiwn",
      "word": "անէութիւն"
    },
    {
      "roman": "ē",
      "word": "է"
    },
    {
      "roman": "ēak",
      "word": "էակ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "ēakan",
      "word": "էական"
    },
    {
      "roman": "ēanam",
      "word": "էանամ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "ēapēs",
      "word": "էապէս"
    },
    {
      "roman": "ēutʻiwn",
      "word": "էութիւն"
    },
    {
      "roman": "naxē",
      "word": "նախէ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "očʻē",
      "word": "ոչէ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Or ēn",
      "word": "Որ էն"
    },
    {
      "roman": "čʻē",
      "word": "չէ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "čʻēakan",
      "word": "չէական"
    },
    {
      "roman": "čʻēzokʻ",
      "word": "չէզոք"
    },
    {
      "roman": "čʻēutʻiwn",
      "word": "չէութիւն"
    },
    {
      "roman": "čʻēr",
      "word": "չէր"
    },
    {
      "roman": "ren",
      "word": "րեն"
    },
    {
      "roman": "rēn",
      "word": "րէն"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hy",
            "2": "եմ"
          },
          "expansion": "Armenian: եմ (em)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Armenian: եմ (em)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁ésmi"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi. See also ես (es), է (ē), են (en).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "em",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xcl-conj-եմ-def",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "{{{2}}}եմ ({{{2}}}em)",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "{{{2}}}ես ({{{2}}}es)",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "{{{2}}}է ({{{2}}}ē)",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "{{{2}}}եմք ({{{2}}}emkʻ)",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "{{{2}}}էք ({{{2}}}ēkʻ)",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "{{{2}}}են ({{{2}}}en)",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "{{{2}}}էի",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "{{{2}}}եի ({{{2}}}ēi, {{{2}}}ei*)",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "{{{2}}}էիր",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "{{{2}}}եիր ({{{2}}}ēir, {{{2}}}eir*)",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "{{{2}}}էր ({{{2}}}ēr)",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "{{{2}}}էաք",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "{{{2}}}եաք ({{{2}}}ēakʻ, {{{2}}}eakʻ*)",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "{{{2}}}էիք",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "{{{2}}}եիք ({{{2}}}ēikʻ, {{{2}}}eikʻ*)",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "{{{2}}}էին",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "{{{2}}}եին ({{{2}}}ēin, {{{2}}}ein*)",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "{{{2}}}իցեմ ({{{2}}}icʻem)",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "{{{2}}}իցես ({{{2}}}icʻes)",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "{{{2}}}իցէ ({{{2}}}icʻē)",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "{{{2}}}իցեմք ({{{2}}}icʻemkʻ)",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "{{{2}}}իցէք ({{{2}}}icʻēkʻ)",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "{{{2}}}իցեն ({{{2}}}icʻen)",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "aorist",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ե՛ր",
      "roman": "ér",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "է՛ք",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "երո՛ւք",
      "roman": "ḗkʻ, erúkʻ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "cohortative",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "cohortative",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "cohortative",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "cohortative",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "cohortative",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "cohortative",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "prohibitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "prohibitive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "prohibitive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "prohibitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "prohibitive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "prohibitive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "եմ • (em)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "եմ • (em)",
      "name": "xcl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "note": "subjunctive aorist <i class=\"Armn mention\" lang=\"xcl\">իցէի</i> (icʻēi) and an infinitive <i class=\"Armn mention\" lang=\"xcl\">ել</i> (el) are attested from the Hellenizing and Latinizing schools"
      },
      "name": "xcl-conj-եմ-def"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "aorstem": "",
        "caus": "—",
        "cohort1": "—",
        "cohort2": "—",
        "imp1": "ե՛ր",
        "imp2": "է՛ք, երո՛ւք",
        "indaor1": "—",
        "indaor2": "—",
        "indaor3": "—",
        "indaor4": "—",
        "indaor5": "—",
        "indaor6": "—",
        "indimp1": "{{{2}}}էի, {{{2}}}եի*",
        "indimp2": "{{{2}}}էիր, {{{2}}}եիր*",
        "indimp3": "{{{2}}}էր",
        "indimp4": "{{{2}}}էաք, {{{2}}}եաք*",
        "indimp5": "{{{2}}}էիք, {{{2}}}եիք*",
        "indimp6": "{{{2}}}էին, {{{2}}}եին*",
        "indpr1": "{{{2}}}եմ",
        "indpr2": "{{{2}}}ես",
        "indpr3": "{{{2}}}է",
        "indpr4": "{{{2}}}եմք",
        "indpr5": "{{{2}}}էք",
        "indpr6": "{{{2}}}են",
        "inf": "—",
        "note": "*rare\nthe verb is defective\nsubjunctive aorist <i class=\"Armn mention\" lang=\"xcl\">իցէի</i> (icʻēi) and an infinitive <i class=\"Armn mention\" lang=\"xcl\">ել</i> (el) are attested from the Hellenizing and Latinizing schools",
        "part": "—",
        "prohib1": "—",
        "prohib2": "—",
        "subjaor1": "—",
        "subjaor2": "—",
        "subjaor3": "—",
        "subjaor4": "—",
        "subjaor5": "—",
        "subjaor6": "—",
        "subjpr1": "{{{2}}}իցեմ",
        "subjpr2": "{{{2}}}իցես",
        "subjpr3": "{{{2}}}իցէ",
        "subjpr4": "{{{2}}}իցեմք",
        "subjpr5": "{{{2}}}իցէք",
        "subjpr6": "{{{2}}}իցեն",
        "title": "active"
      },
      "name": "xcl-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Armenian",
  "lang_code": "xcl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Armenian defective verbs",
        "Old Armenian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Old Armenian lemmas",
        "Old Armenian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Old Armenian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Old Armenian terms with usage examples",
        "Old Armenian verbs",
        "Pages with 2 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              14,
              21
            ],
            [
              26,
              35
            ]
          ],
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              1
            ],
            [
              6,
              7
            ],
            [
              6,
              8
            ],
            [
              13,
              14
            ],
            [
              22,
              23
            ],
            [
              27,
              28
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              1
            ],
            [
              6,
              7
            ],
            [
              6,
              8
            ],
            [
              13,
              14
            ],
            [
              22,
              23
            ],
            [
              27,
              28
            ]
          ],
          "english": "sometimes; it happens, it turns out...",
          "roman": "ē zi, ēr zi, ē urekʻ, ē erbēkʻ zi...",
          "text": "է զի, էր զի, է ուրեք, է երբէք զի...",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              2,
              4
            ],
            [
              12,
              14
            ]
          ],
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              5
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              5
            ]
          ],
          "english": "I am that I am.",
          "roman": "Es em Astuac, or Ēn.",
          "text": "Ես եմ Աստուած՝ որ Էն։",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              2,
              4
            ],
            [
              6,
              11
            ],
            [
              15,
              20
            ]
          ],
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              5
            ],
            [
              10,
              12
            ],
            [
              24,
              26
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              5
            ],
            [
              10,
              12
            ],
            [
              24,
              26
            ]
          ],
          "english": "I am, it is I, it is I who blot out and pardon.",
          "roman": "Es em, es em noyn or ǰnǰem.",
          "text": "Ես եմ՝ ես եմ նոյն որ ջնջեմ։",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_literal_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              10
            ]
          ],
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              9,
              12
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              9,
              12
            ]
          ],
          "english": "A certain man had two sons.",
          "literal_meaning": "There were two sons of one man.",
          "roman": "Aṙn mioǰ ēin erku ordikʻ.",
          "text": "Առն միոջ էին երկու որդիք։",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              6
            ]
          ],
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              2
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              2
            ]
          ],
          "english": "He was twelve years old.",
          "roman": "Ēr amacʻ erkotasanicʻ.",
          "text": "Էր ամաց երկոտասանից։",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              4
            ]
          ],
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              6,
              8
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              7,
              9
            ]
          ],
          "english": "I am eating.",
          "roman": "Yutel em.",
          "text": "Յուտել եմ։",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              1
            ],
            [
              6,
              7
            ],
            [
              16,
              17
            ],
            [
              20,
              21
            ],
            [
              25,
              26
            ],
            [
              25,
              27
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              1
            ],
            [
              6,
              7
            ],
            [
              16,
              17
            ],
            [
              21,
              22
            ],
            [
              25,
              26
            ],
            [
              25,
              27
            ]
          ],
          "english": "sometimes; now and then",
          "roman": "ē zi, ē erbemn, ē urēkʻ, ēr zi",
          "text": "է զի, է երբեմն, է ուրէք, էր զի",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              1
            ],
            [
              6,
              8
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              1
            ],
            [
              6,
              8
            ]
          ],
          "english": "some, some one; one ... and the other; some ... others; some... some; sometimes",
          "roman": "ē or, en or",
          "text": "է որ, են որ",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              6,
              15
            ]
          ],
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              4,
              6
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              4,
              7
            ]
          ],
          "english": "live, fare thee well",
          "roman": "ołǰ ér",
          "text": "ողջ ե՛ր",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_literal_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              9
            ]
          ],
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              2
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              2
            ]
          ],
          "english": "He has two sons.",
          "literal_meaning": "There are two sons of him.",
          "roman": "En nora erku ordikʻ.",
          "text": "Են նորա երկու որդիք։",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              5
            ],
            [
              3,
              5
            ],
            [
              24,
              26
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              4
            ],
            [
              2,
              4
            ],
            [
              22,
              24
            ]
          ],
          "english": "whatever it may be",
          "roman": "icʻen aysokʻik orpēs ew en",
          "text": "իցեն այսոքիկ որպէս եւ են",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "be",
          "be"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "եմ"
}

Download raw JSONL data for եմ meaning in Old Armenian (12.8kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Armenian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (e937b02 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.