See d- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nv",
"2": "ath-pro",
"3": "*də-",
"pos": "valency decrease"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Athabaskan *də- (valency decrease)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nv",
"2": "xnd-pro",
"3": "*də-",
"pos": "signaling valency decrease"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Na-Dene *də- (signaling valency decrease)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hai",
"2": "-d-"
},
"expansion": "Haida -d-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "eya",
"2": "-d-"
},
"expansion": "Eyak -d-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tli",
"2": "-d-",
"pos": "reflexive suffix"
},
"expansion": "Tlingit -d- (reflexive suffix)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Proto-Athabaskan *də- (valency decrease), from Proto-Na-Dene *də- (signaling valency decrease); cognate with Haida -d-, Eyak -d-, and Tlingit -d- (reflexive suffix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nv",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "terms prefixed with d- (classifier)"
},
"expansion": "d-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Navajo",
"lang_code": "nv",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Navajo entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Navajo terms prefixed with d- (classifier)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "he’s singing it (yi-∅-zéés)",
"text": "yizéés",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "it’s being sung (yi-d-zéés)",
"text": "yidéés",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the d- classifier or valence-change prefix, a detransitivizing prefix of active verbs that modifies the transitivity or valence and grammatical voice of a verb, occurs in most passive, mediopassive, reflexive, and reciprocal verbs that are derived from verbs with a ∅- classifier; it produces the agentive passive verb forms"
],
"id": "en-d--nv-prefix-0FuwLFlr",
"links": [
[
"valence",
"valence#English"
],
[
"change",
"change#English"
],
[
"prefix",
"prefix#English"
],
[
"detransitivizing",
"transitivize#English"
],
[
"voice",
"voice#English"
],
[
"agentive",
"agentive#English"
],
[
"passive",
"passive#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "l-"
},
{
"word": "ł-"
},
{
"word": "∅-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "d-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nv",
"2": "ath-pro",
"3": "*də-",
"pos": "valency decrease"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Athabaskan *də- (valency decrease)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nv",
"2": "xnd-pro",
"3": "*də-",
"pos": "signaling valency decrease"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Na-Dene *də- (signaling valency decrease)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hai",
"2": "-d-"
},
"expansion": "Haida -d-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "eya",
"2": "-d-"
},
"expansion": "Eyak -d-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tli",
"2": "-d-",
"pos": "reflexive suffix"
},
"expansion": "Tlingit -d- (reflexive suffix)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Proto-Athabaskan *də- (valency decrease), from Proto-Na-Dene *də- (signaling valency decrease); cognate with Haida -d-, Eyak -d-, and Tlingit -d- (reflexive suffix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nv",
"2": "prefix",
"cat2": "terms prefixed with d- (classifier)"
},
"expansion": "d-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Navajo",
"lang_code": "nv",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"word": "l-"
},
{
"word": "ł-"
},
{
"word": "∅-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Navajo entries with incorrect language header",
"Navajo lemmas",
"Navajo prefixes",
"Navajo terms derived from Proto-Athabaskan",
"Navajo terms derived from Proto-Na-Dene",
"Navajo terms inherited from Proto-Athabaskan",
"Navajo terms inherited from Proto-Na-Dene",
"Navajo terms prefixed with d- (classifier)",
"Navajo terms with usage examples",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "he’s singing it (yi-∅-zéés)",
"text": "yizéés",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "it’s being sung (yi-d-zéés)",
"text": "yidéés",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the d- classifier or valence-change prefix, a detransitivizing prefix of active verbs that modifies the transitivity or valence and grammatical voice of a verb, occurs in most passive, mediopassive, reflexive, and reciprocal verbs that are derived from verbs with a ∅- classifier; it produces the agentive passive verb forms"
],
"links": [
[
"valence",
"valence#English"
],
[
"change",
"change#English"
],
[
"prefix",
"prefix#English"
],
[
"detransitivizing",
"transitivize#English"
],
[
"voice",
"voice#English"
],
[
"agentive",
"agentive#English"
],
[
"passive",
"passive#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "d-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for d- meaning in Navajo (2.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Navajo dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.