See word in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for word meaning in Middle English (9.4kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "word"
},
"expansion": "English: word",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: word"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "wird",
"3": "wourd"
},
"expansion": "Scots: wird, wourd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: wird, wourd"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "word"
},
"expansion": "Old English word",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*word"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *word",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wurdą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wurdą",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*werdʰh₁om"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *werdʰh₁om",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verbe"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of verbe",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English word, from Proto-West Germanic *word, from Proto-Germanic *wurdą, from Proto-Indo-European *werdʰh₁om. Doublet of verbe.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "wordes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "word",
"tags": [
"error-unknown-tag",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "word",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wordes",
"pl2": "word",
"pl2_qual": "early"
},
"expansion": "word (plural wordes or (early) word)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bodeword"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "byword"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hereword"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mysword"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wacche word"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "worden"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wordy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wytword"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "You also know that the form of language is in flux; / within a thousand years, words / that had currency; really weird and bizarre / they seem to us now, but they still spoke them / and accomplished as much in love as men do now.",
"ref": "a. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “Book II”, in Troilus and Criseyde, lines 22–28",
"text": "Ȝe knowe ek that in fourme of ſpeche is chaunge / With-inne a thousand ȝeer, and wordes tho / That hadden pris now wonder nyce and ſtraunge / Us thenketh hem, and ȝet thei ſpake hem so / And ſpedde as wel in loue as men now do",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A word (separable, discrete linguistic unit)"
],
"id": "en-word-enm-noun-SNKT-Nft",
"links": [
[
"word",
"word#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A statement; a linguistic unit said or written by someone:",
"A speech; a formal statement."
],
"id": "en-word-enm-noun-dWX-YgeT",
"links": [
[
"statement",
"statement"
],
[
"written",
"written"
],
[
"speech",
"speech"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A statement; a linguistic unit said or written by someone:",
"A byword or maxim; a short expression of truth."
],
"id": "en-word-enm-noun-UxrLDtev",
"links": [
[
"statement",
"statement"
],
[
"written",
"written"
],
[
"byword",
"byword"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A statement; a linguistic unit said or written by someone:",
"A promise; an oath or guarantee."
],
"id": "en-word-enm-noun-sAgFfksA",
"links": [
[
"statement",
"statement"
],
[
"written",
"written"
],
[
"promise",
"promise"
],
[
"oath",
"oath"
],
[
"guarantee",
"guarantee"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A statement; a linguistic unit said or written by someone:",
"A motto; an expression associated with a person or people."
],
"id": "en-word-enm-noun--MYRUz5Q",
"links": [
[
"statement",
"statement"
],
[
"written",
"written"
],
[
"motto",
"motto"
],
[
"expression",
"expression"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A statement; a linguistic unit said or written by someone:",
"A piece of news (often warning or recommending)"
],
"id": "en-word-enm-noun-fYOfEp0X",
"links": [
[
"statement",
"statement"
],
[
"written",
"written"
],
[
"news",
"news"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A statement; a linguistic unit said or written by someone:",
"An order or directive; something necessary."
],
"id": "en-word-enm-noun-X2lbVjl1",
"links": [
[
"statement",
"statement"
],
[
"written",
"written"
],
[
"order",
"order"
],
[
"directive",
"directive"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A statement; a linguistic unit said or written by someone:",
"A religious precept, stricture, or belief."
],
"id": "en-word-enm-noun-LGfxwEiU",
"links": [
[
"statement",
"statement"
],
[
"written",
"written"
],
[
"religious",
"religious"
],
[
"stricture",
"stricture"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 11 4 8 11 11 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 12 4 8 13 11 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The act of speaking (especially as opposed to action):",
"The act of speaking (especially as opposed to action)"
],
"id": "en-word-enm-noun-mXRLFzDY",
"links": [
[
"speaking",
"speaking"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"The act of speaking (especially as opposed to action):"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 6 6 6 6 6 7 6 6 12 12 14 7 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Directives",
"orig": "enm:Directives",
"parents": [
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Discourse; the exchange of statements.",
"The basic, non-figurative reading of something."
],
"id": "en-word-enm-noun-b4RcSOPO",
"links": [
[
"Discourse",
"discourse"
],
[
"exchange",
"exchange"
],
[
"basic",
"basic"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 6 6 6 6 6 7 6 6 12 12 14 7 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Directives",
"orig": "enm:Directives",
"parents": [
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Discourse; the exchange of statements.",
"The way one speaks (especially with modifying adjective)"
],
"id": "en-word-enm-noun-9IKe-DRa",
"links": [
[
"Discourse",
"discourse"
],
[
"exchange",
"exchange"
],
[
"speaks",
"speaks"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Theology",
"orig": "enm:Theology",
"parents": [
"Philosophy",
"Religion",
"All topics",
"Culture",
"Fundamental",
"Society"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 11 4 8 11 11 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 12 4 8 13 11 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 6 6 6 6 6 7 6 6 12 12 14 7 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Directives",
"orig": "enm:Directives",
"parents": [
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 12 12 16 12 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Language",
"orig": "enm:Language",
"parents": [
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 1 13 0 0 0 86 0 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Religion",
"orig": "enm:Religion",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 8 13 13 21 11 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Talking",
"orig": "enm:Talking",
"parents": [
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Human",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The Logos (Jesus Christ)"
],
"id": "en-word-enm-noun-XjMsBe9U",
"links": [
[
"theology",
"theology"
],
[
"Logos",
"Logos"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(theology) The Logos (Jesus Christ)"
],
"topics": [
"lifestyle",
"religion",
"theology"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 11 4 8 11 11 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 12 4 8 13 11 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The human faculty of language as a whole."
],
"id": "en-word-enm-noun-vB6FDAgh",
"links": [
[
"language",
"language"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) The human faculty of language as a whole."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/wurd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/woːrd/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "vord"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "weord"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "woord"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "worde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wourd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wurd"
}
],
"word": "word"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "word",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "werde"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of werde"
],
"id": "en-word-enm-noun-ByEElcMP",
"links": [
[
"werde",
"werde#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "word"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English doublets",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"enm:Directives",
"enm:Language",
"enm:Religion",
"enm:Talking"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "word"
},
"expansion": "English: word",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: word"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "wird",
"3": "wourd"
},
"expansion": "Scots: wird, wourd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: wird, wourd"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "word"
},
"expansion": "Old English word",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*word"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *word",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wurdą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wurdą",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*werdʰh₁om"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *werdʰh₁om",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verbe"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of verbe",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English word, from Proto-West Germanic *word, from Proto-Germanic *wurdą, from Proto-Indo-European *werdʰh₁om. Doublet of verbe.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "wordes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "word",
"tags": [
"error-unknown-tag",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "word",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wordes",
"pl2": "word",
"pl2_qual": "early"
},
"expansion": "word (plural wordes or (early) word)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "bodeword"
},
{
"word": "byword"
},
{
"word": "hereword"
},
{
"word": "mysword"
},
{
"word": "wacche word"
},
{
"word": "worden"
},
{
"word": "wordy"
},
{
"word": "wytword"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "You also know that the form of language is in flux; / within a thousand years, words / that had currency; really weird and bizarre / they seem to us now, but they still spoke them / and accomplished as much in love as men do now.",
"ref": "a. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “Book II”, in Troilus and Criseyde, lines 22–28",
"text": "Ȝe knowe ek that in fourme of ſpeche is chaunge / With-inne a thousand ȝeer, and wordes tho / That hadden pris now wonder nyce and ſtraunge / Us thenketh hem, and ȝet thei ſpake hem so / And ſpedde as wel in loue as men now do",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A word (separable, discrete linguistic unit)"
],
"links": [
[
"word",
"word#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A statement; a linguistic unit said or written by someone:",
"A speech; a formal statement."
],
"links": [
[
"statement",
"statement"
],
[
"written",
"written"
],
[
"speech",
"speech"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A statement; a linguistic unit said or written by someone:",
"A byword or maxim; a short expression of truth."
],
"links": [
[
"statement",
"statement"
],
[
"written",
"written"
],
[
"byword",
"byword"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A statement; a linguistic unit said or written by someone:",
"A promise; an oath or guarantee."
],
"links": [
[
"statement",
"statement"
],
[
"written",
"written"
],
[
"promise",
"promise"
],
[
"oath",
"oath"
],
[
"guarantee",
"guarantee"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A statement; a linguistic unit said or written by someone:",
"A motto; an expression associated with a person or people."
],
"links": [
[
"statement",
"statement"
],
[
"written",
"written"
],
[
"motto",
"motto"
],
[
"expression",
"expression"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A statement; a linguistic unit said or written by someone:",
"A piece of news (often warning or recommending)"
],
"links": [
[
"statement",
"statement"
],
[
"written",
"written"
],
[
"news",
"news"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A statement; a linguistic unit said or written by someone:",
"An order or directive; something necessary."
],
"links": [
[
"statement",
"statement"
],
[
"written",
"written"
],
[
"order",
"order"
],
[
"directive",
"directive"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A statement; a linguistic unit said or written by someone:",
"A religious precept, stricture, or belief."
],
"links": [
[
"statement",
"statement"
],
[
"written",
"written"
],
[
"religious",
"religious"
],
[
"stricture",
"stricture"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The act of speaking (especially as opposed to action):",
"The act of speaking (especially as opposed to action)"
],
"links": [
[
"speaking",
"speaking"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"The act of speaking (especially as opposed to action):"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Discourse; the exchange of statements.",
"The basic, non-figurative reading of something."
],
"links": [
[
"Discourse",
"discourse"
],
[
"exchange",
"exchange"
],
[
"basic",
"basic"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Discourse; the exchange of statements.",
"The way one speaks (especially with modifying adjective)"
],
"links": [
[
"Discourse",
"discourse"
],
[
"exchange",
"exchange"
],
[
"speaks",
"speaks"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"enm:Theology"
],
"glosses": [
"The Logos (Jesus Christ)"
],
"links": [
[
"theology",
"theology"
],
[
"Logos",
"Logos"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(theology) The Logos (Jesus Christ)"
],
"topics": [
"lifestyle",
"religion",
"theology"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"The human faculty of language as a whole."
],
"links": [
[
"language",
"language"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) The human faculty of language as a whole."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/wurd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/woːrd/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "vord"
},
{
"word": "weord"
},
{
"word": "woord"
},
{
"word": "worde"
},
{
"word": "wourd"
},
{
"word": "wurd"
}
],
"word": "word"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"enm:Directives",
"enm:Language",
"enm:Religion",
"enm:Talking"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "word",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "werde"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of werde"
],
"links": [
[
"werde",
"werde#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "word"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.