See welken in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for welken meaning in Middle English (9.2kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "welkin"
},
"expansion": "English: welkin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: welkin"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wolcnu"
},
"expansion": "Old English wolcnu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wolcen"
},
"expansion": "wolcen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wolcn"
},
"expansion": "wolcn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*wolkn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wolkn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wulkaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wulkaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English wolcnu, plural of wolcen, wolcn, from Proto-West Germanic *wolkn, from Proto-Germanic *wulkaną.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "welken",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 19 19 16 3 3 12 9 15 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 15 15 18 3 4 16 9 17 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "84 6 6 1 1 0 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Atmosphere",
"orig": "enm:Atmosphere",
"parents": [
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "84 7 5 1 1 0 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Weather",
"orig": "enm:Weather",
"parents": [
"Atmosphere",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The atmosphere; the area where weather happens."
],
"id": "en-welken-enm-noun-enm:sky",
"links": [
[
"atmosphere",
"atmosphere"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:sky"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The space or air surrounding the Earth or; the heavens or welkin."
],
"id": "en-welken-enm-noun-R9shOsYR",
"links": [
[
"heavens",
"heavens"
],
[
"welkin",
"welkin"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A division or layer of this space; an atmospheric region."
],
"id": "en-welken-enm-noun-qIwnZwv5"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Early Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "2 19 19 16 3 3 12 9 15 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 15 15 18 3 4 16 9 17 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A cloud (mass of water droplets)"
],
"id": "en-welken-enm-noun-eg77uNFp",
"links": [
[
"cloud",
"cloud"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Early Middle English) A cloud (mass of water droplets)"
],
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɛlkən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɛlk(ə)nə/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɔlkən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɔlk(ə)nə/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "welkne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "welkene"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "wolken"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "wolkne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "walkyn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "wolkene"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "walkene"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "walkne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "walkon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "weolcne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "wolcn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "wlcne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "wolcnu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "walcne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "weolkne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
],
"word": "wolcne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "welkyn"
}
],
"word": "welken"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "welk"
},
"expansion": "English: welk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: welk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "welk"
},
"expansion": "Scots: welk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: welk"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "welken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German welken",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "welken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch welken",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*wolkn",
"t": "cloud"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wolkn (“cloud”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "walwen",
"t": "to fade, wither"
},
"expansion": "Middle English walwen (“to fade, wither”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wealwian"
},
"expansion": "Old English wealwian",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly related to or from Middle Low German welken or Middle Dutch welken, ultimately related to Proto-West Germanic *wolkn (“cloud”). Compare also Middle English walwen (“to fade, wither”), from Old English wealwian.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "welken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to welken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "welke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "welke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "welked",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "welkest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "welkedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "welketh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "welked",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "welke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "welked",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "welke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "welken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "welke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "welkeden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "welkede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "welketh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "welke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "welkynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "welkende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "welked",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ywelked",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "welken",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "welk"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 1 1 2 57 1 38",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Age",
"orig": "enm:Age",
"parents": [
"Human",
"Time",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 5 3 11 31 16 16",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Plants",
"orig": "enm:Plants",
"parents": [
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become dry or aged; to decay or wither (of plants or people)"
],
"id": "en-welken-enm-verb-enm:to_dry_out",
"links": [
[
"dry",
"dry"
],
[
"aged",
"aged"
],
[
"decay",
"decay"
],
[
"wither",
"wither"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:to dry out"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 19 19 16 3 3 12 9 15 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 15 15 18 3 4 16 9 17 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To crinkle or become roughened or creased."
],
"id": "en-welken-enm-verb-VPEidZg1",
"links": [
[
"crinkle",
"crinkle"
],
[
"roughened",
"roughened"
],
[
"creased",
"creased"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To crinkle or become roughened or creased."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To turn or grow desolate or lifeless."
],
"id": "en-welken-enm-verb-Tzq-ZEwS",
"links": [
[
"turn",
"turn"
],
[
"grow",
"grow"
],
[
"desolate",
"desolate"
],
[
"lifeless",
"lifeless"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To turn or grow desolate or lifeless."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɛlkən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "welkyn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "welke"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "welk"
}
],
"word": "welken"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"enm:Age",
"enm:Atmosphere",
"enm:Plants",
"enm:Weather"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "welkin"
},
"expansion": "English: welkin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: welkin"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wolcnu"
},
"expansion": "Old English wolcnu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wolcen"
},
"expansion": "wolcen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wolcn"
},
"expansion": "wolcn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*wolkn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wolkn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wulkaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wulkaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English wolcnu, plural of wolcen, wolcn, from Proto-West Germanic *wolkn, from Proto-Germanic *wulkaną.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "welken",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The atmosphere; the area where weather happens."
],
"links": [
[
"atmosphere",
"atmosphere"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:sky"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The space or air surrounding the Earth or; the heavens or welkin."
],
"links": [
[
"heavens",
"heavens"
],
[
"welkin",
"welkin"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A division or layer of this space; an atmospheric region."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Early Middle English"
],
"glosses": [
"A cloud (mass of water droplets)"
],
"links": [
[
"cloud",
"cloud"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Early Middle English) A cloud (mass of water droplets)"
],
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɛlkən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɛlk(ə)nə/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɔlkən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɔlk(ə)nə/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "welkne"
},
{
"word": "welkene"
},
{
"word": "wolken"
},
{
"word": "wolkne"
},
{
"word": "walkyn"
},
{
"word": "wolkene"
},
{
"word": "walkene"
},
{
"word": "walkne"
},
{
"word": "welkyn"
},
{
"word": "walkon"
},
{
"word": "weolcne"
},
{
"word": "wolcn"
},
{
"word": "wlcne"
},
{
"word": "wolcnu"
},
{
"word": "walcne"
},
{
"word": "weolkne"
},
{
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
],
"word": "wolcne"
}
],
"word": "welken"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"enm:Age",
"enm:Atmosphere",
"enm:Plants",
"enm:Weather"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "welk"
},
"expansion": "English: welk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: welk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "welk"
},
"expansion": "Scots: welk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: welk"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "welken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German welken",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "welken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch welken",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*wolkn",
"t": "cloud"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wolkn (“cloud”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "walwen",
"t": "to fade, wither"
},
"expansion": "Middle English walwen (“to fade, wither”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wealwian"
},
"expansion": "Old English wealwian",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly related to or from Middle Low German welken or Middle Dutch welken, ultimately related to Proto-West Germanic *wolkn (“cloud”). Compare also Middle English walwen (“to fade, wither”), from Old English wealwian.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "welken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to welken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "welke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "welke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "welked",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "welkest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "welkedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "welketh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "welked",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "welke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "welked",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "welke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "welken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "welke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "welkeden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "welkede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "welketh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "welke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "welkynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "welkende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "welked",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ywelked",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "welken",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "welk"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To become dry or aged; to decay or wither (of plants or people)"
],
"links": [
[
"dry",
"dry"
],
[
"aged",
"aged"
],
[
"decay",
"decay"
],
[
"wither",
"wither"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:to dry out"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To crinkle or become roughened or creased."
],
"links": [
[
"crinkle",
"crinkle"
],
[
"roughened",
"roughened"
],
[
"creased",
"creased"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To crinkle or become roughened or creased."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To turn or grow desolate or lifeless."
],
"links": [
[
"turn",
"turn"
],
[
"grow",
"grow"
],
[
"desolate",
"desolate"
],
[
"lifeless",
"lifeless"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To turn or grow desolate or lifeless."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɛlkən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "welkyn"
},
{
"word": "welke"
},
{
"word": "welk"
}
],
"word": "welken"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.