"twisten" meaning in Middle English

See twisten in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /ˈtwistən/
Etymology: From twist + -en (infinitival suffix). Etymology templates: {{af|enm|twist|-en|id2=infinitival|pos2=infinitival suffix}} twist + -en (infinitival suffix) Head templates: {{head|enm|verb}} twisten Inflection templates: {{enm-conj-wk|twist|c2=te}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], twisten [infinitive], to twisten [infinitive], twiste [infinitive], twiste [first-person, present, singular], twisted [first-person, past, singular], twiste [first-person, past, singular], twistest [present, second-person, singular], twistedest [past, second-person, singular], twistest [past, second-person, singular], twisteth [present, singular, third-person], twisted [past, singular, third-person], twiste [past, singular, third-person], twiste [present, singular, subjunctive], twisted [past, singular, subjunctive], twiste [past, singular, subjunctive], twiste [imperative, present, singular], - [imperative, past, singular], twisten [plural, present], twiste [plural, present], twisteden [past, plural], twistede [past, plural], twisten [past, plural], twiste [past, plural], twisteth [imperative, plural, present], twiste [imperative, plural, present], - [imperative, past, plural], twistynge [participle, present], twistende [participle, present], twisted [participle, past], twist [participle, past], ytwisted [participle, past], ytwist [participle, past], twiste [alternative], twyst [alternative]
  1. To pressure or constrain.
    Sense id: en-twisten-enm-verb-v7EBqShS Categories (other): Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 28 27 11 13 11 11 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 29 27 10 13 10 10
  2. (figuratively) To make sad; to anguish. Tags: figuratively
    Sense id: en-twisten-enm-verb-fuE7Diqx Categories (other): Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 28 27 11 13 11 11 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 29 27 10 13 10 10
  3. To branch or fork.
    Sense id: en-twisten-enm-verb-V8P4PxNR Categories (other): Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 28 27 11 13 11 11 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 29 27 10 13 10 10
  4. (figuratively) To take; to capture. Tags: figuratively
    Sense id: en-twisten-enm-verb-EQAVn7j5 Categories (other): Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 28 27 11 13 11 11 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 29 27 10 13 10 10
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: twist 
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "twist"
          },
          "expansion": "English: twist",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: twist"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "twist"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: twist",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: twist"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "twist",
        "3": "-en",
        "id2": "infinitival",
        "pos2": "infinitival suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "twist + -en (infinitival suffix)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From twist + -en (infinitival suffix).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twisten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to twisten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twisted",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twistest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twistedest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twistest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twisteth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twisted",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twisted",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twisten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twisteden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twistede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twisten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twisteth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twistynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twistende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twisted",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twist",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ytwisted",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ytwist",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiste",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twyst",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "twisten",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "twist",
        "c2": "te"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "twist"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "28 27 11 13 11 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 27 10 13 10 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To pressure or constrain."
      ],
      "id": "en-twisten-enm-verb-v7EBqShS",
      "links": [
        [
          "pressure",
          "pressure"
        ],
        [
          "constrain",
          "constrain"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "28 27 11 13 11 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 27 10 13 10 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To make sad; to anguish."
      ],
      "id": "en-twisten-enm-verb-fuE7Diqx",
      "links": [
        [
          "sad",
          "sad"
        ],
        [
          "anguish",
          "anguish"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) To make sad; to anguish."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "28 27 11 13 11 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 27 10 13 10 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To branch or fork."
      ],
      "id": "en-twisten-enm-verb-V8P4PxNR",
      "links": [
        [
          "branch",
          "branch"
        ],
        [
          "fork",
          "fork"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "28 27 11 13 11 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 27 10 13 10 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To take; to capture."
      ],
      "id": "en-twisten-enm-verb-EQAVn7j5",
      "links": [
        [
          "take",
          "take"
        ],
        [
          "capture",
          "capture"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) To take; to capture."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtwistən/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "twisten"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
    "Middle English verbs",
    "Middle English weak verbs",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "twist"
          },
          "expansion": "English: twist",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: twist"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "twist"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: twist",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: twist"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "twist",
        "3": "-en",
        "id2": "infinitival",
        "pos2": "infinitival suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "twist + -en (infinitival suffix)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From twist + -en (infinitival suffix).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twisten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to twisten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twisted",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twistest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twistedest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twistest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twisteth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twisted",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twisted",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twisten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twisteden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twistede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twisten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twisteth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twistynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twistende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twisted",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twist",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ytwisted",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ytwist",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiste",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twyst",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "twisten",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "twist",
        "c2": "te"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "twist"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To pressure or constrain."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "pressure",
          "pressure"
        ],
        [
          "constrain",
          "constrain"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To make sad; to anguish."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sad",
          "sad"
        ],
        [
          "anguish",
          "anguish"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) To make sad; to anguish."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To branch or fork."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "branch",
          "branch"
        ],
        [
          "fork",
          "fork"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To take; to capture."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "take",
          "take"
        ],
        [
          "capture",
          "capture"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) To take; to capture."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtwistən/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "twisten"
}

Download raw JSONL data for twisten meaning in Middle English (4.5kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.