"trouble" meaning in Middle English

See trouble in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈtruːblə/, /ˈtrublə/, /ˈtruːbəl/, /ˈtrubəl/
Etymology: Borrowed from Old French troble, metathetic form of torble, from Late Latin *turbulus; compare turble. Etymology templates: {{bor+|enm|fro|troble}} Borrowed from Old French troble, {{der|enm|la-lat|*turbulus}} Late Latin *turbulus Head templates: {{head|enm|adjective|||comparative|troublere||{{{3}}}|head=}} trouble (comparative troublere), {{enm-adj||troublere}} trouble (comparative troublere) Forms: troublere [comparative], troble [alternative], trowble [alternative], truble [alternative], trobel [alternative, Late-Middle-English], trobelle [alternative, Late-Middle-English], trobul [alternative, Late-Middle-English], troubel [alternative, Late-Middle-English], troubill [alternative, Late-Middle-English], troubul [alternative, Late-Middle-English], troubull [alternative, Late-Middle-English], troubulle [alternative, Late-Middle-English], trowbel [alternative, Late-Middle-English], trowbill [alternative, Late-Middle-English], trowbull [alternative, Late-Middle-English], trubble [alternative, Late-Middle-English], troubull [alternative], trubbyl [alternative, Norfolk], trobil [alternative]
  1. (usually of liquids) Murky, muddy, turbid, opaque. Tags: usually
    Sense id: en-trouble-enm-adj-kYwK4yJG
  2. (usually of weather) Turbulent, stormy, raging. Tags: usually
    Sense id: en-trouble-enm-adj-6Z5zW6M4 Categories (other): Weather, Weather Disambiguation of Weather: 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
  3. Confused, muddled; lacking coherence.
    Sense id: en-trouble-enm-adj-F~CuHMB5
  4. Troubled; beset by emotion (especially worry or remorse)
    Sense id: en-trouble-enm-adj-ZXJ3A3Jg
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: distroublen, stroublen, troublen, troublous, troubly
Etymology number: 1

Noun

IPA: /ˈtruːblə/, /ˈtrublə/, /ˈtruːbəl/, /ˈtrubəl/
Etymology: Borrowed from Old French troble, metathetic form of torble, from Late Latin *turbulus; compare turble. Etymology templates: {{bor+|enm|fro|troble}} Borrowed from Old French troble, {{der|enm|la-lat|*turbulus}} Late Latin *turbulus Head templates: {{head|enm|noun|g=|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=}} trouble, {{enm-noun}} trouble (plural troubles) Forms: troubles [plural], troble [alternative], trowble [alternative], truble [alternative], trobel [alternative, Late-Middle-English], trobelle [alternative, Late-Middle-English], trobul [alternative, Late-Middle-English], troubel [alternative, Late-Middle-English], troubill [alternative, Late-Middle-English], troubul [alternative, Late-Middle-English], troubull [alternative, Late-Middle-English], troubulle [alternative, Late-Middle-English], trowbel [alternative, Late-Middle-English], trowbill [alternative, Late-Middle-English], trowbull [alternative, Late-Middle-English], trubble [alternative, Late-Middle-English], troubull [alternative], trubbyl [alternative, Norfolk], trobil [alternative]
  1. A hardship, disturbance, or calamity; something difficult or disruptive:
    An affliction or torment; an injurious event.
    Tags: Late-Middle-English
    Sense id: en-trouble-enm-noun-cjSUQtD3
  2. A hardship, disturbance, or calamity; something difficult or disruptive:
    Political unrest, conflict, or dissension.
    Tags: Late-Middle-English
    Sense id: en-trouble-enm-noun-2nCyzajE
  3. A hardship, disturbance, or calamity; something difficult or disruptive:
    Disquiet, worry; mental unease.
    Tags: Late-Middle-English
    Sense id: en-trouble-enm-noun-W2In~hs6
  4. Turbulence, tempestuousness (of waves) Tags: Late-Middle-English
    Sense id: en-trouble-enm-noun-YOCxHoQR
  5. (rare) A challenge regarding property rights. Tags: Late-Middle-English, rare
    Sense id: en-trouble-enm-noun-1ZxcXIgM Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries, Late Middle English, Liquids, Property law Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 4 2 2 6 3 4 2 0 3 1 1 1 7 2 2 6 3 1 9 4 2 0 1 5 3 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 4 8 2 Disambiguation of Pages with 3 entries: 4 2 1 7 3 3 3 0 4 1 1 1 6 2 2 6 5 1 11 4 1 0 1 7 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 10 1 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 4 2 0 8 3 3 3 0 4 1 0 0 7 2 1 7 3 0 12 4 1 0 0 7 3 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 4 12 1 Disambiguation of Late Middle English: 10 7 8 7 6 6 9 14 33 Disambiguation of Liquids: 3 3 2 2 3 3 4 22 57 2 Disambiguation of Property law: 4 4 4 4 6 6 8 8 52 4
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Verb

Head templates: {{head|enm|verb|altform=1}} trouble
  1. alternative form of troublen Tags: alt-of, alternative Alternative form of: troublen
    Sense id: en-trouble-enm-verb-pYMn~pNl
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "troble"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Old French troble",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "la-lat",
        "3": "*turbulus"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin *turbulus",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French troble, metathetic form of torble, from Late Latin *turbulus; compare turble.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "troublere",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troble",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trowble",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "truble",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trobel",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trobelle",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trobul",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troubel",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troubill",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troubul",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troubull",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troubulle",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trowbel",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trowbill",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trowbull",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trubble",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troubull",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trubbyl",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Norfolk"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trobil",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "comparative",
        "6": "troublere",
        "7": "",
        "8": "{{{3}}}",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "trouble (comparative troublere)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "troublere"
      },
      "expansion": "trouble (comparative troublere)",
      "name": "enm-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "distroublen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "stroublen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "troublen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "troublous"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "troubly"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Murky, muddy, turbid, opaque."
      ],
      "id": "en-trouble-enm-adj-kYwK4yJG",
      "links": [
        [
          "Murky",
          "murky"
        ],
        [
          "muddy",
          "muddy"
        ],
        [
          "turbid",
          "turbid"
        ],
        [
          "opaque",
          "opaque"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(usually of liquids) Murky, muddy, turbid, opaque."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of liquids"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Weather",
          "orig": "enm:Weather",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Weather",
          "orig": "enm:Weather",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Turbulent, stormy, raging."
      ],
      "id": "en-trouble-enm-adj-6Z5zW6M4",
      "links": [
        [
          "Turbulent",
          "turbulent"
        ],
        [
          "stormy",
          "stormy"
        ],
        [
          "raging",
          "raging"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(usually of weather) Turbulent, stormy, raging."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of weather"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Confused, muddled; lacking coherence."
      ],
      "id": "en-trouble-enm-adj-F~CuHMB5",
      "links": [
        [
          "Confused",
          "confused"
        ],
        [
          "muddle",
          "muddle"
        ],
        [
          "coherence",
          "coherence"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Troubled; beset by emotion (especially worry or remorse)"
      ],
      "id": "en-trouble-enm-adj-ZXJ3A3Jg",
      "links": [
        [
          "Troubled",
          "troubled"
        ],
        [
          "emotion",
          "emotion"
        ],
        [
          "worry",
          "worry#English"
        ],
        [
          "remorse",
          "remorse#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtruːblə/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtrublə/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtruːbəl/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtrubəl/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "trouble"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Jersey Dutch",
          "lang_code": "gmw-jdt",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "tröbel"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "trouble"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "trouble"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "tribble"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "trubill"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "trouble"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "tribble"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "truble"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "troble"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Old French troble",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "la-lat",
        "3": "*turbulus"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin *turbulus",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French troble, metathetic form of torble, from Late Latin *turbulus; compare turble.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "troubles",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troble",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trowble",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "truble",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trobel",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trobelle",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trobul",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troubel",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troubill",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troubul",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troubull",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troubulle",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trowbel",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trowbill",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trowbull",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trubble",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troubull",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trubbyl",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Norfolk"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trobil",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "trouble",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "trouble (plural troubles)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A hardship, disturbance, or calamity; something difficult or disruptive:",
        "An affliction or torment; an injurious event."
      ],
      "id": "en-trouble-enm-noun-cjSUQtD3",
      "links": [
        [
          "hardship",
          "hardship"
        ],
        [
          "disturbance",
          "disturbance"
        ],
        [
          "calamity",
          "calamity"
        ],
        [
          "difficult",
          "difficult"
        ],
        [
          "disruptive",
          "disruptive"
        ],
        [
          "affliction",
          "affliction"
        ],
        [
          "torment",
          "torment"
        ],
        [
          "injurious",
          "injurious"
        ],
        [
          "event",
          "event"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A hardship, disturbance, or calamity; something difficult or disruptive:",
        "Political unrest, conflict, or dissension."
      ],
      "id": "en-trouble-enm-noun-2nCyzajE",
      "links": [
        [
          "hardship",
          "hardship"
        ],
        [
          "disturbance",
          "disturbance"
        ],
        [
          "calamity",
          "calamity"
        ],
        [
          "difficult",
          "difficult"
        ],
        [
          "disruptive",
          "disruptive"
        ],
        [
          "Political",
          "political"
        ],
        [
          "unrest",
          "unrest"
        ],
        [
          "conflict",
          "conflict"
        ],
        [
          "dissension",
          "dissension"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A hardship, disturbance, or calamity; something difficult or disruptive:",
        "Disquiet, worry; mental unease."
      ],
      "id": "en-trouble-enm-noun-W2In~hs6",
      "links": [
        [
          "hardship",
          "hardship"
        ],
        [
          "disturbance",
          "disturbance"
        ],
        [
          "calamity",
          "calamity"
        ],
        [
          "difficult",
          "difficult"
        ],
        [
          "disruptive",
          "disruptive"
        ],
        [
          "Disquiet",
          "disquiet"
        ],
        [
          "worry",
          "worry"
        ],
        [
          "mental",
          "mental"
        ],
        [
          "unease",
          "unease"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Turbulence, tempestuousness (of waves)"
      ],
      "id": "en-trouble-enm-noun-YOCxHoQR",
      "links": [
        [
          "Turbulence",
          "turbulence"
        ],
        [
          "tempestuousness",
          "tempestuousness"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "4 2 2 6 3 4 2 0 3 1 1 1 7 2 2 6 3 1 9 4 2 0 1 5 3 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 4 8 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 2 1 7 3 3 3 0 4 1 1 1 6 2 2 6 5 1 11 4 1 0 1 7 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 10 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 2 0 8 3 3 3 0 4 1 0 0 7 2 1 7 3 0 12 4 1 0 0 7 3 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 4 12 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 7 8 7 6 6 9 14 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Late Middle English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 3 2 2 3 3 4 22 57 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Liquids",
          "orig": "enm:Liquids",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 4 4 4 6 6 8 8 52 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Property law",
          "orig": "enm:Property law",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A challenge regarding property rights."
      ],
      "id": "en-trouble-enm-noun-1ZxcXIgM",
      "links": [
        [
          "challenge",
          "challenge"
        ],
        [
          "regarding",
          "regarding"
        ],
        [
          "property",
          "property"
        ],
        [
          "right",
          "right"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) A challenge regarding property rights."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtruːblə/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtrublə/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtruːbəl/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtrubəl/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "trouble"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "altform": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "trouble",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "troublen"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "alternative form of troublen"
      ],
      "id": "en-trouble-enm-verb-pYMn~pNl",
      "links": [
        [
          "troublen",
          "troublen#Middle_English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "trouble"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Late Middle English",
    "Middle English adjectives",
    "Middle English alternative forms",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
    "Middle English terms derived from Late Latin",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old French",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Liquids",
    "enm:Property law",
    "enm:Weather"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "troble"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Old French troble",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "la-lat",
        "3": "*turbulus"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin *turbulus",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French troble, metathetic form of torble, from Late Latin *turbulus; compare turble.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "troublere",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troble",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trowble",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "truble",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trobel",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trobelle",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trobul",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troubel",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troubill",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troubul",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troubull",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troubulle",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trowbel",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trowbill",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trowbull",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trubble",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troubull",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trubbyl",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Norfolk"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trobil",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "comparative",
        "6": "troublere",
        "7": "",
        "8": "{{{3}}}",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "trouble (comparative troublere)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "troublere"
      },
      "expansion": "trouble (comparative troublere)",
      "name": "enm-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "distroublen"
    },
    {
      "word": "stroublen"
    },
    {
      "word": "troublen"
    },
    {
      "word": "troublous"
    },
    {
      "word": "troubly"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Murky, muddy, turbid, opaque."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Murky",
          "murky"
        ],
        [
          "muddy",
          "muddy"
        ],
        [
          "turbid",
          "turbid"
        ],
        [
          "opaque",
          "opaque"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(usually of liquids) Murky, muddy, turbid, opaque."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of liquids"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "enm:Weather"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Turbulent, stormy, raging."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Turbulent",
          "turbulent"
        ],
        [
          "stormy",
          "stormy"
        ],
        [
          "raging",
          "raging"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(usually of weather) Turbulent, stormy, raging."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of weather"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Confused, muddled; lacking coherence."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Confused",
          "confused"
        ],
        [
          "muddle",
          "muddle"
        ],
        [
          "coherence",
          "coherence"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Troubled; beset by emotion (especially worry or remorse)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Troubled",
          "troubled"
        ],
        [
          "emotion",
          "emotion"
        ],
        [
          "worry",
          "worry#English"
        ],
        [
          "remorse",
          "remorse#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtruːblə/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtrublə/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtruːbəl/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtrubəl/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "trouble"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Late Middle English",
    "Middle English adjectives",
    "Middle English alternative forms",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
    "Middle English terms derived from Late Latin",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old French",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Liquids",
    "enm:Property law",
    "enm:Weather"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Jersey Dutch",
          "lang_code": "gmw-jdt",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "tröbel"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "trouble"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "trouble"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "tribble"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "trubill"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "trouble"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "tribble"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "truble"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "troble"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Old French troble",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "la-lat",
        "3": "*turbulus"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin *turbulus",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French troble, metathetic form of torble, from Late Latin *turbulus; compare turble.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "troubles",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troble",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trowble",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "truble",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trobel",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trobelle",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trobul",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troubel",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troubill",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troubul",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troubull",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troubulle",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trowbel",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trowbill",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trowbull",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trubble",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troubull",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trubbyl",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Norfolk"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trobil",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "trouble",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "trouble (plural troubles)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A hardship, disturbance, or calamity; something difficult or disruptive:",
        "An affliction or torment; an injurious event."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hardship",
          "hardship"
        ],
        [
          "disturbance",
          "disturbance"
        ],
        [
          "calamity",
          "calamity"
        ],
        [
          "difficult",
          "difficult"
        ],
        [
          "disruptive",
          "disruptive"
        ],
        [
          "affliction",
          "affliction"
        ],
        [
          "torment",
          "torment"
        ],
        [
          "injurious",
          "injurious"
        ],
        [
          "event",
          "event"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A hardship, disturbance, or calamity; something difficult or disruptive:",
        "Political unrest, conflict, or dissension."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hardship",
          "hardship"
        ],
        [
          "disturbance",
          "disturbance"
        ],
        [
          "calamity",
          "calamity"
        ],
        [
          "difficult",
          "difficult"
        ],
        [
          "disruptive",
          "disruptive"
        ],
        [
          "Political",
          "political"
        ],
        [
          "unrest",
          "unrest"
        ],
        [
          "conflict",
          "conflict"
        ],
        [
          "dissension",
          "dissension"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A hardship, disturbance, or calamity; something difficult or disruptive:",
        "Disquiet, worry; mental unease."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hardship",
          "hardship"
        ],
        [
          "disturbance",
          "disturbance"
        ],
        [
          "calamity",
          "calamity"
        ],
        [
          "difficult",
          "difficult"
        ],
        [
          "disruptive",
          "disruptive"
        ],
        [
          "Disquiet",
          "disquiet"
        ],
        [
          "worry",
          "worry"
        ],
        [
          "mental",
          "mental"
        ],
        [
          "unease",
          "unease"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Turbulence, tempestuousness (of waves)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Turbulence",
          "turbulence"
        ],
        [
          "tempestuousness",
          "tempestuousness"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A challenge regarding property rights."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "challenge",
          "challenge"
        ],
        [
          "regarding",
          "regarding"
        ],
        [
          "property",
          "property"
        ],
        [
          "right",
          "right"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) A challenge regarding property rights."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtruːblə/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtrublə/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtruːbəl/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtrubəl/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "trouble"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English alternative forms",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Liquids",
    "enm:Property law",
    "enm:Weather"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "altform": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "trouble",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "troublen"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "alternative form of troublen"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "troublen",
          "troublen#Middle_English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "trouble"
}

Download raw JSONL data for trouble meaning in Middle English (8.8kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (ddb1505 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.