"troublous" meaning in Middle English

See troublous in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˌtruːb(ə)ˈluːs/, /ˌtrub(ə)ˈluːs/, /ˈtruːb(ə)lus/, /ˈtrub(ə)lus/, /-ləs/ (note: with retraction of stress)
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French troubleus and Anglo-Norman troublous; by surface analysis, trouble (“disturbance”) + -ous (“-ous”). Etymology templates: {{bor+|enm|frm|troubleus}} Borrowed from Middle French troubleus, {{bor|enm|xno|troublous}} Anglo-Norman troublous, {{surf|enm|trouble|-ous|nocap=1|t1=disturbance|t2=-ous}} by surface analysis, trouble (“disturbance”) + -ous (“-ous”) Head templates: {{head|enm|adjective||{{{1}}}||{{{2}}}||{{{3}}}|head=}} troublous, {{enm-adj}} troublous Forms: trobleus [alternative], troblus [alternative], troublouse [alternative], troublws [alternative], trowblews [alternative], trubleuse [alternative], trobolous [alternative], troubelose [alternative], troubelous [alternative], trowbelous [alternative], trubellus [alternative], trubilose [alternative], troblesse [alternative], troubles [alternative], trowblas [alternative], trowblys [alternative], trublys [alternative]
  1. (usually of liquid) Muddy, cloudy, opaque. Tags: Late-Middle-English, usually
    Sense id: en-troublous-enm-adj-sRlKwawQ
  2. (of weather) Stormy, violent, tempestuous. Tags: Late-Middle-English
    Sense id: en-troublous-enm-adj-hElm6Sr3 Categories (other): Weather, Late Middle English, Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Middle English terms suffixed with -ous, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries, Anger, Liquids Disambiguation of Late Middle English: 8 9 19 18 25 11 10 Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 7 7 18 21 29 9 9 Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -ous: 7 8 18 17 28 9 12 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 4 7 27 11 34 9 7 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 3 5 31 7 42 6 5 Disambiguation of Anger: 1 98 0 1 Disambiguation of Liquids: 9 83 7 1
  3. Troubling, dangerous, challenging. Tags: Late-Middle-English
    Sense id: en-troublous-enm-adj-kA8H86tb
  4. Troubled, disturbed, agitated. Tags: Late-Middle-English
    Sense id: en-troublous-enm-adj-6iTN2Txg

Alternative forms

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "troublous"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "troublous"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "troubleus"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Middle French troubleus",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "xno",
        "3": "troublous"
      },
      "expansion": "Anglo-Norman troublous",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "trouble",
        "3": "-ous",
        "nocap": "1",
        "t1": "disturbance",
        "t2": "-ous"
      },
      "expansion": "by surface analysis, trouble (“disturbance”) + -ous (“-ous”)",
      "name": "surf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Middle French troubleus and Anglo-Norman troublous; by surface analysis, trouble (“disturbance”) + -ous (“-ous”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "trobleus",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troblus",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troublouse",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troublws",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trowblews",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trubleuse",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trobolous",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troubelose",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troubelous",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trowbelous",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trubellus",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trubilose",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troblesse",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troubles",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trowblas",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trowblys",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trublys",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "",
        "4": "{{{1}}}",
        "5": "",
        "6": "{{{2}}}",
        "7": "",
        "8": "{{{3}}}",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "troublous",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "troublous",
      "name": "enm-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Muddy, cloudy, opaque."
      ],
      "id": "en-troublous-enm-adj-sRlKwawQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "Muddy",
          "muddy"
        ],
        [
          "cloudy",
          "cloudy"
        ],
        [
          "opaque",
          "opaque"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(usually of liquid) Muddy, cloudy, opaque."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of liquid"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Weather",
          "orig": "enm:Weather",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 9 19 18 25 11 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Late Middle English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 7 18 21 29 9 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 8 18 17 28 9 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -ous",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 7 27 11 34 9 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 5 31 7 42 6 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 98 0 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Anger",
          "orig": "enm:Anger",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 83 7 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Liquids",
          "orig": "enm:Liquids",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Stormy, violent, tempestuous."
      ],
      "id": "en-troublous-enm-adj-hElm6Sr3",
      "links": [
        [
          "Stormy",
          "stormy"
        ],
        [
          "violent",
          "violent"
        ],
        [
          "tempestuous",
          "tempestuous"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(of weather) Stormy, violent, tempestuous."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of weather"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Troubling, dangerous, challenging."
      ],
      "id": "en-troublous-enm-adj-kA8H86tb",
      "links": [
        [
          "Troubling",
          "troubling"
        ],
        [
          "dangerous",
          "dangerous"
        ],
        [
          "challenging",
          "challenging"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Troubled, disturbed, agitated."
      ],
      "id": "en-troublous-enm-adj-6iTN2Txg",
      "links": [
        [
          "Troubled",
          "troubled"
        ],
        [
          "disturbed",
          "disturbed"
        ],
        [
          "agitated",
          "agitated"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌtruːb(ə)ˈluːs/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌtrub(ə)ˈluːs/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtruːb(ə)lus/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtrub(ə)lus/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-ləs/",
      "note": "with retraction of stress"
    }
  ],
  "word": "troublous"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Late Middle English",
    "Middle English adjectives",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English terms borrowed from Anglo-Norman",
    "Middle English terms borrowed from Middle French",
    "Middle English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
    "Middle English terms derived from Middle French",
    "Middle English terms suffixed with -ous",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Anger",
    "enm:Liquids"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "troublous"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "troublous"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "troubleus"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Middle French troubleus",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "xno",
        "3": "troublous"
      },
      "expansion": "Anglo-Norman troublous",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "trouble",
        "3": "-ous",
        "nocap": "1",
        "t1": "disturbance",
        "t2": "-ous"
      },
      "expansion": "by surface analysis, trouble (“disturbance”) + -ous (“-ous”)",
      "name": "surf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Middle French troubleus and Anglo-Norman troublous; by surface analysis, trouble (“disturbance”) + -ous (“-ous”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "trobleus",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troblus",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troublouse",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troublws",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trowblews",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trubleuse",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trobolous",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troubelose",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troubelous",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trowbelous",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trubellus",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trubilose",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troblesse",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troubles",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trowblas",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trowblys",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trublys",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "",
        "4": "{{{1}}}",
        "5": "",
        "6": "{{{2}}}",
        "7": "",
        "8": "{{{3}}}",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "troublous",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "troublous",
      "name": "enm-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Muddy, cloudy, opaque."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Muddy",
          "muddy"
        ],
        [
          "cloudy",
          "cloudy"
        ],
        [
          "opaque",
          "opaque"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(usually of liquid) Muddy, cloudy, opaque."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of liquid"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "enm:Weather"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Stormy, violent, tempestuous."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Stormy",
          "stormy"
        ],
        [
          "violent",
          "violent"
        ],
        [
          "tempestuous",
          "tempestuous"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(of weather) Stormy, violent, tempestuous."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of weather"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Troubling, dangerous, challenging."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Troubling",
          "troubling"
        ],
        [
          "dangerous",
          "dangerous"
        ],
        [
          "challenging",
          "challenging"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Troubled, disturbed, agitated."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Troubled",
          "troubled"
        ],
        [
          "disturbed",
          "disturbed"
        ],
        [
          "agitated",
          "agitated"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌtruːb(ə)ˈluːs/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌtrub(ə)ˈluːs/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtruːb(ə)lus/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtrub(ə)lus/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-ləs/",
      "note": "with retraction of stress"
    }
  ],
  "word": "troublous"
}

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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (ddb1505 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.