"seen" meaning in Middle English

See seen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /søːn/ [Early-Middle-English], /seːn/
Etymology: From Old English sēon, from Proto-West Germanic *sehwan, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną. Etymology templates: {{root|enm|ine-pro|*sekʷ-|id=see}}, {{dercat|enm|gmw-pro|gem-pro|inh=2}}, {{inh|enm|ang|sēon}} Old English sēon, {{inh|enm|gmw-pro|*sehwan}} Proto-West Germanic *sehwan, {{inh|enm|gem-pro|*sehwaną}} Proto-Germanic *sehwaną Head templates: {{head|enm|verb}} seen Inflection templates: {{enm-conj-st|se|saugh|saw|2a=seigh|2a2=saw|2a3=sey|2s2=sixt|3a=sey|3s2=sikth|class=5|inf3=sene|p_part3=seyn|p_part4=sey|type=strong|y=2}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], seen [infinitive], to seen [infinitive], see [infinitive], see [first-person, present, singular], saugh [first-person, past, singular], seigh [first-person, past, singular], saw [first-person, past, singular], sey [first-person, past, singular], seest [present, second-person, singular], sawe [past, second-person, singular], seye [past, second-person, singular], saugh [past, second-person, singular], seigh [past, second-person, singular], saw [past, second-person, singular], sey [past, second-person, singular], seeth [present, singular, third-person], saugh [past, singular, third-person], seigh [past, singular, third-person], saw [past, singular, third-person], sey [past, singular, third-person], see [present, singular, subjunctive], sawe [past, singular, subjunctive], seye [past, singular, subjunctive], see [imperative, present, singular], - [imperative, past, singular], seen [plural, present], see [plural, present], sawen [past, plural], sawe [past, plural], seyen [past, plural], seye [past, plural], seeth [imperative, plural, present], see [imperative, plural, present], - [imperative, past, plural], seynge [participle, present], seende [participle, present], seen [participle, past], see [participle, past], yseen [participle, past], ysee [participle, past], sein [alternative], sien [alternative], seon [alternative], son [alternative], suen [alternative], zi [alternative, Kent]
  1. to see
    Sense id: en-seen-enm-verb-6g1zNN7- Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 8 entries, Pages with entries

Inflected forms

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "see"
          },
          "expansion": "English: see",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: see"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "se",
            "3": "sie",
            "4": "see"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: se, sie, see",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: se, sie, see"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "yol",
            "2": "zee",
            "alts": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Yola: zee, zie, ze, zey, sau",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Yola: zee, zie, ze, zey, sau"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*sekʷ-",
        "id": "see"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "gem-pro",
        "inh": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "sēon"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English sēon",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*sehwan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sehwan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*sehwaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sehwaną",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English sēon, from Proto-West Germanic *sehwan, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-st",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to seen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "see",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "see",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "saugh",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seigh",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "saw",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sey",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sawe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seye",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "saugh",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seigh",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "saw",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sey",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seeth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "saugh",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seigh",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "saw",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sey",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "see",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sawe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seye",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "see",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "see",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sawen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sawe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seyen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seye",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seeth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "see",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "see",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yseen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ysee",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sein",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sien",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seon",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "son",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "suen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zi",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Kent"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "seen",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "se",
        "2": "saugh",
        "2a": "seigh",
        "2a2": "saw",
        "2a3": "sey",
        "2s2": "sixt",
        "3": "saw",
        "3a": "sey",
        "3s2": "sikth",
        "class": "5",
        "inf3": "sene",
        "p_part3": "seyn",
        "p_part4": "sey",
        "type": "strong",
        "y": "2"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-st"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 8 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to see"
      ],
      "id": "en-seen-enm-verb-6g1zNN7-",
      "links": [
        [
          "see",
          "see"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/søːn/",
      "tags": [
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/seːn/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "seen"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "see"
          },
          "expansion": "English: see",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: see"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "se",
            "3": "sie",
            "4": "see"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: se, sie, see",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: se, sie, see"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "yol",
            "2": "zee",
            "alts": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Yola: zee, zie, ze, zey, sau",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Yola: zee, zie, ze, zey, sau"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*sekʷ-",
        "id": "see"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "gem-pro",
        "inh": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "sēon"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English sēon",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*sehwan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sehwan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*sehwaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sehwaną",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English sēon, from Proto-West Germanic *sehwan, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-st",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to seen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "see",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "see",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "saugh",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seigh",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "saw",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sey",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sawe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seye",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "saugh",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seigh",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "saw",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sey",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seeth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "saugh",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seigh",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "saw",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sey",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "see",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sawe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seye",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "see",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "see",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sawen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sawe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seyen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seye",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seeth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "see",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "see",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yseen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ysee",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sein",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sien",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "seon",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "son",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "suen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zi",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Kent"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "seen",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "se",
        "2": "saugh",
        "2a": "seigh",
        "2a2": "saw",
        "2a3": "sey",
        "2s2": "sixt",
        "3": "saw",
        "3a": "sey",
        "3s2": "sikth",
        "class": "5",
        "inf3": "sene",
        "p_part3": "seyn",
        "p_part4": "sey",
        "type": "strong",
        "y": "2"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-st"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English class 5 strong verbs",
        "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
        "Middle English lemmas",
        "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
        "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
        "Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sekʷ- (see)",
        "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
        "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
        "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
        "Middle English verbs",
        "Pages with 8 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to see"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "see",
          "see"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/søːn/",
      "tags": [
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/seːn/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "seen"
}

Download raw JSONL data for seen meaning in Middle English (6.0kB)

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
  "msg": "seen/Middle English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Early-Middle-English not in or uppercase_tags",
  "path": [],
  "section": "Middle English",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "seen",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (9c82c1c and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.