See ropen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rope"
},
"expansion": "English: rope",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: rope"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "raip"
},
"expansion": "Scots: raip",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: raip"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "to form ropes"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rop",
"3": "-en",
"id1": "rope",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix",
"t1": "rope"
},
"expansion": "rop (“rope”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From rop (“rope”) + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ropen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to ropen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rope",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rope",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "roped",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ropest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ropedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ropeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "roped",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rope",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "roped",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rope",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ropen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rope",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ropeden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ropede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ropeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rope",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ropynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ropende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "roped",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "ropen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rop",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To form into ropes or strands."
],
"id": "en-ropen-enm-verb-iFhS7MsH",
"links": [
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"rope",
"rope"
],
[
"strand",
"strand"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To tie up with rope."
],
"id": "en-ropen-enm-verb-SYfwQelI",
"links": [
[
"tie",
"tie"
],
[
"rope",
"rope"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To tie up with rope."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrɔːpən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "raipe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rope"
}
],
"word": "ropen"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "roop",
"3": "roup"
},
"expansion": "English: roop, roup",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: roop, roup"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "roup"
},
"expansion": "Scots: roup",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: roup; croup"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "croup",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: croup",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: croup"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kroep",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: kroep",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: kroep"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "croup",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: croup",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: croup"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "to cry out"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hrōpan"
},
"expansion": "Old English hrōpan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hrōpan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hrōpan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrōpaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrōpaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rop",
"3": "-en",
"id1": "rope",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix",
"t1": "call"
},
"expansion": "rop (“call”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "raupa"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse raupa",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English hrōpan, from Proto-West Germanic *hrōpan, from Proto-Germanic *hrōpaną; equivalent to rop (“call”) + -en (infinitival suffix).\nForms in /ɔu̯/ are influenced by Old Norse raupa.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ropen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to ropen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rope",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rope",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "roped",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ropest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ropedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ropeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "roped",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rope",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "roped",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rope",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ropen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rope",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ropeden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ropede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ropeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rope",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ropynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ropende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "roped",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "ropen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rop",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 29 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 30 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 28 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 27 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 21 65",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Fibers",
"orig": "enm:Fibers",
"parents": [
"Materials",
"Manufacturing",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 17 69",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Sounds",
"orig": "enm:Sounds",
"parents": [
"Sound",
"Energy",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cry out; to shout."
],
"id": "en-ropen-enm-verb-~dZCh2lm",
"links": [
[
"cry",
"cry"
],
[
"shout",
"shout"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "roupe"
},
{
"word": "rupe"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈroːpən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈrɔu̯pən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rope"
}
],
"word": "ropen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Fibers",
"enm:Sounds"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rope"
},
"expansion": "English: rope",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: rope"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "raip"
},
"expansion": "Scots: raip",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: raip"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "to form ropes"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rop",
"3": "-en",
"id1": "rope",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix",
"t1": "rope"
},
"expansion": "rop (“rope”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From rop (“rope”) + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ropen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to ropen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rope",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rope",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "roped",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ropest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ropedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ropeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "roped",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rope",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "roped",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rope",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ropen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rope",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ropeden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ropede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ropeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rope",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ropynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ropende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "roped",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "ropen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rop",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To form into ropes or strands."
],
"links": [
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"rope",
"rope"
],
[
"strand",
"strand"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To tie up with rope."
],
"links": [
[
"tie",
"tie"
],
[
"rope",
"rope"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To tie up with rope."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrɔːpən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "raipe"
},
{
"word": "rope"
}
],
"word": "ropen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Fibers",
"enm:Sounds"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "roop",
"3": "roup"
},
"expansion": "English: roop, roup",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: roop, roup"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "roup"
},
"expansion": "Scots: roup",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: roup; croup"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "croup",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: croup",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: croup"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kroep",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: kroep",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: kroep"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "croup",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: croup",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: croup"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "to cry out"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hrōpan"
},
"expansion": "Old English hrōpan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hrōpan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hrōpan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrōpaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrōpaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rop",
"3": "-en",
"id1": "rope",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix",
"t1": "call"
},
"expansion": "rop (“call”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "raupa"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse raupa",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English hrōpan, from Proto-West Germanic *hrōpan, from Proto-Germanic *hrōpaną; equivalent to rop (“call”) + -en (infinitival suffix).\nForms in /ɔu̯/ are influenced by Old Norse raupa.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ropen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to ropen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rope",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "rope",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "roped",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ropest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ropedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ropeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "roped",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rope",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "roped",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rope",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ropen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rope",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ropeden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ropede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ropeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rope",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ropynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ropende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "roped",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "ropen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rop",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To cry out; to shout."
],
"links": [
[
"cry",
"cry"
],
[
"shout",
"shout"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈroːpən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈrɔu̯pən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rope"
},
{
"word": "roupe"
},
{
"word": "rupe"
}
],
"word": "ropen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ropen meaning in Middle English (8.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.