See robben in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for robben meaning in Middle English (6.2kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rob"
},
"expansion": "English: rob",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: rob"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "rob"
},
"expansion": "Scots: rob",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: rob"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "xno",
"3": "robber",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman robber",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "xno",
"3": "robber"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman robber",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "rober"
},
"expansion": "rober",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*raubōn"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *raubōn",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*raubōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *raubōną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "reven"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of reven",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "robberie"
},
"expansion": "robberie",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "robbour"
},
"expansion": "robbour",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman robber, rober, from Frankish *raubōn, from Proto-Germanic *raubōną. Doublet of reven.\nThe expected Middle English form would be /ˈrɔːbən/; the short vowel is probably by analogy with robberie, robbour.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "robbeth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "robbende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "robbynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "robbed",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "robben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to robben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "robbe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "robbe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "robbed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "robbest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "robbedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "robbeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "robbed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "robbe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "robbed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "robbe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "robben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "robbe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "robbeden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "robbede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "robbeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "robbe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "robbynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "robbende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "robbed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yrobbed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "robben",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "robb"
},
"expansion": "robben (third-person singular simple present robbeth, present participle robbende, robbynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle robbed)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "robb"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "robberie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "robbour"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "robbynge"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "62 23 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 22 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 7 29",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Crime",
"orig": "enm:Crime",
"parents": [
"Criminal law",
"Society",
"Law",
"All topics",
"Justice",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To steal, rob, or pilfer; to illegally or forcibly confiscate."
],
"id": "en-robben-enm-verb-bGxEXqNx",
"links": [
[
"steal",
"steal"
],
[
"rob",
"rob"
],
[
"pilfer",
"pilfer"
],
[
"MED Online",
"w:Middle English Dictionary"
],
[
"University of Michigan",
"w:University of Michigan"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To loot, despoil, ravage; to bring to ruin."
],
"id": "en-robben-enm-verb-uifusVfB",
"links": [
[
"loot",
"loot"
],
[
"despoil",
"despoil"
],
[
"ravage",
"ravage"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To snatch; to cause to lose (an abstract concept)"
],
"id": "en-robben-enm-verb-0L-fjoB0",
"links": [
[
"snatch",
"snatch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) To snatch; to cause to lose (an abstract concept)"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrɔbən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "robb"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "robbe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "robbi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "robby"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "robbyn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "robyn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ruby"
}
],
"word": "robben"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English doublets",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Anglo-Norman",
"Middle English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"Middle English terms derived from Frankish",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"enm:Crime"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rob"
},
"expansion": "English: rob",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: rob"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "rob"
},
"expansion": "Scots: rob",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: rob"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "xno",
"3": "robber",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman robber",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "xno",
"3": "robber"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman robber",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "rober"
},
"expansion": "rober",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*raubōn"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *raubōn",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*raubōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *raubōną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "reven"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of reven",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "robberie"
},
"expansion": "robberie",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "robbour"
},
"expansion": "robbour",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman robber, rober, from Frankish *raubōn, from Proto-Germanic *raubōną. Doublet of reven.\nThe expected Middle English form would be /ˈrɔːbən/; the short vowel is probably by analogy with robberie, robbour.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "robbeth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "robbende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "robbynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "robbed",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "robben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to robben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "robbe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "robbe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "robbed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "robbest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "robbedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "robbeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "robbed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "robbe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "robbed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "robbe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "robben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "robbe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "robbeden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "robbede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "robbeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "robbe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "robbynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "robbende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "robbed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yrobbed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "robben",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "robb"
},
"expansion": "robben (third-person singular simple present robbeth, present participle robbende, robbynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle robbed)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "robb"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "robberie"
},
{
"word": "robbour"
},
{
"word": "robbynge"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To steal, rob, or pilfer; to illegally or forcibly confiscate."
],
"links": [
[
"steal",
"steal"
],
[
"rob",
"rob"
],
[
"pilfer",
"pilfer"
],
[
"MED Online",
"w:Middle English Dictionary"
],
[
"University of Michigan",
"w:University of Michigan"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To loot, despoil, ravage; to bring to ruin."
],
"links": [
[
"loot",
"loot"
],
[
"despoil",
"despoil"
],
[
"ravage",
"ravage"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To snatch; to cause to lose (an abstract concept)"
],
"links": [
[
"snatch",
"snatch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) To snatch; to cause to lose (an abstract concept)"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrɔbən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "robb"
},
{
"word": "robbe"
},
{
"word": "robbi"
},
{
"word": "robby"
},
{
"word": "robbyn"
},
{
"word": "robyn"
},
{
"word": "ruby"
}
],
"word": "robben"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (4d5d0bb and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.