See pyne in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
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{
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}
],
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},
{
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{
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},
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{
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"1": "enm",
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},
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}
],
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"forms": [
{
"form": "pynes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pynen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pin",
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"alternative"
]
},
{
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{
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
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],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A painful punishment; torture:",
"Damnation; punishment for sinning."
],
"id": "en-pyne-enm-noun-ES3akUCN",
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[
"painful",
"painful"
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[
"punishment",
"punishment"
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"torture",
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"Damnation",
"damnation"
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[
"sin",
"sin"
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]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A painful punishment; torture:",
"Imprisonment, incarceration."
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"id": "en-pyne-enm-noun-FnQq8jbn",
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[
"painful",
"painful"
],
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
],
[
"torture",
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[
"Imprisonment",
"imprisonment"
],
[
"incarceration",
"incarceration"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A painful punishment; torture:",
"(rare) Imprisonment, incarceration."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
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},
{
"categories": [
{
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},
{
"_dis": "7 5 19 11 11 12 7 10 10 8",
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}
],
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"Hardship, torment, suffering:",
"Physical pain; aching."
],
"id": "en-pyne-enm-noun-Q02EwSsS",
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[
"Hardship",
"hardship"
],
[
"torment",
"torment"
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"suffering",
"suffering"
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"Physical",
"physical"
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[
"pain",
"pain"
],
[
"aching",
"ache"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Hardship, torment, suffering:",
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],
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[
"Hardship",
"hardship"
],
[
"torment",
"torment"
],
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"suffering",
"suffering"
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[
"Mental",
"mental"
],
[
"distress",
"distress"
],
[
"anguish",
"anguish"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
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}
],
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"Hardship, torment, suffering:",
"Arduousness, challenge,"
],
"id": "en-pyne-enm-noun-VzjpTei4",
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[
"Hardship",
"hardship"
],
[
"torment",
"torment"
],
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
],
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"Arduousness",
"arduousness"
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"challenge",
"challenge"
]
]
},
{
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{
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"orig": "enm:Religion",
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}
],
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"Hardship, torment, suffering:",
"Penance, atonement."
],
"id": "en-pyne-enm-noun-MkajcfbM",
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[
"Hardship",
"hardship"
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[
"torment",
"torment"
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"suffering",
"suffering"
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"religion",
"religion"
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[
"Penance",
"penance"
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[
"atonement",
"atonement"
]
],
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"Hardship, torment, suffering:",
"(religion, uncommon) Penance, atonement."
],
"tags": [
"uncommon"
],
"topics": [
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/ˈpiːn(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "pyne"
}
{
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{
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"name": "Hell",
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}
],
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{
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{
"args": {
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},
{
"depth": 1,
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{
"args": {
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},
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},
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{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "Scots: pine",
"name": "desc"
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],
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],
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},
"expansion": "",
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{
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"3": "la",
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"name": "dercat"
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},
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"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
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"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
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"3": "pīnus",
"t": "pine tree"
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"expansion": "Latin pīnus (“pine tree”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English *pīne, from Proto-West Germanic *pīnā (“pine tree”), from Latin pīnus (“pine tree”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pynes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pigne",
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]
},
{
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],
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"lang_code": "enm",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pynote"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
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},
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"name": "Pages with entries",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "9 7 9 9 10 10 18 16 8 4",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Criminal law",
"orig": "enm:Criminal law",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 49 51 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Prison",
"orig": "enm:Prison",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pine tree, pinetree"
],
"id": "en-pyne-enm-noun-aEot-Zjt",
"links": [
[
"pine tree",
"pine tree"
],
[
"pinetree",
"pinetree"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 7 9 9 10 10 18 16 8 4",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Criminal law",
"orig": "enm:Criminal law",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 6 11 11 11 11 5 17 10 8",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Nuts",
"orig": "enm:Nuts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 49 51 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Prison",
"orig": "enm:Prison",
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pinenut, pine nut"
],
"id": "en-pyne-enm-noun-wHX47b8T",
"links": [
[
"pinenut",
"pinenut"
],
[
"pine nut",
"pine nut"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"pinecone"
],
"id": "en-pyne-enm-noun-4v3gSD~I",
"links": [
[
"pinecone",
"pinecone"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) pinecone"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpiːn(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "pyne"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Hell",
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],
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{
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],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to injure",
"word": "pynen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of pynen (“to injure”)"
],
"id": "en-pyne-enm-verb-FehYUXAz",
"links": [
[
"pynen",
"pynen#Middle_English:_to_torment"
]
],
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"alternative"
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}
],
"word": "pyne"
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{
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"enm:Hell",
"enm:Nuts",
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{
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{
"args": {
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}
],
"text": "English: pine (archaic)"
},
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"depth": 1,
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{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-msc",
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],
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},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
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},
"expansion": "Scots: pine",
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],
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],
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},
{
"args": {
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
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},
"expansion": "Doublet of peyne",
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}
],
"etymology_text": "Either from Old English *pīne (“pain”) or formed from pynen (“to torment”, Old English pīnian) in Middle English. Doublet of peyne.",
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{
"form": "pynes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pynen",
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"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pin",
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]
},
{
"form": "pine",
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"form": "pyn",
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],
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{
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"A painful punishment; torture:",
"Damnation; punishment for sinning."
],
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[
"painful",
"painful"
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"punishment",
"punishment"
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"Damnation",
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]
},
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"A painful punishment; torture:",
"Imprisonment, incarceration."
],
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],
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"punishment",
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"torture",
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"Imprisonment",
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"incarceration",
"incarceration"
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],
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"A painful punishment; torture:",
"(rare) Imprisonment, incarceration."
],
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},
{
"glosses": [
"Hardship, torment, suffering:",
"Physical pain; aching."
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"torment",
"torment"
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"Physical",
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"pain",
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"aching",
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]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Hardship, torment, suffering:",
"Mental distress, anguish."
],
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[
"Hardship",
"hardship"
],
[
"torment",
"torment"
],
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
],
[
"Mental",
"mental"
],
[
"distress",
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[
"anguish",
"anguish"
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]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Hardship, torment, suffering:",
"Arduousness, challenge,"
],
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[
"Hardship",
"hardship"
],
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"torment",
"torment"
],
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"suffering",
"suffering"
],
[
"Arduousness",
"arduousness"
],
[
"challenge",
"challenge"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with uncommon senses",
"enm:Religion"
],
"glosses": [
"Hardship, torment, suffering:",
"Penance, atonement."
],
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[
"Hardship",
"hardship"
],
[
"torment",
"torment"
],
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
],
[
"religion",
"religion"
],
[
"Penance",
"penance"
],
[
"atonement",
"atonement"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Hardship, torment, suffering:",
"(religion, uncommon) Penance, atonement."
],
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],
"topics": [
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpiːn(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "pyne"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English weak nouns",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Criminal law",
"enm:Hell",
"enm:Nuts",
"enm:Pain",
"enm:Plants",
"enm:Prison"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pine",
"id": "pine tree"
},
"expansion": "English: pine",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: pine"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-msc",
"2": "pyne"
},
"expansion": "Middle Scots: pyne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Scots: pyne"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "pine"
},
"expansion": "Scots: pine",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: pine"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pine tree"
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"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "la",
"4": "grc"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*pīne",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English *pīne",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*pīne"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English *pīne",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*pīnā",
"id": "tree",
"t": "pine tree"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *pīnā (“pine tree”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "pīnus",
"t": "pine tree"
},
"expansion": "Latin pīnus (“pine tree”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English *pīne, from Proto-West Germanic *pīnā (“pine tree”), from Latin pīnus (“pine tree”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pynes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pigne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "pine",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "pyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "pyne",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pyne (plural pynes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "pynetre"
},
{
"word": "pynote"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"pine tree, pinetree"
],
"links": [
[
"pine tree",
"pine tree"
],
[
"pinetree",
"pinetree"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"pinenut, pine nut"
],
"links": [
[
"pinenut",
"pinenut"
],
[
"pine nut",
"pine nut"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"pinecone"
],
"links": [
[
"pinecone",
"pinecone"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) pinecone"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpiːn(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "pyne"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English weak nouns",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Criminal law",
"enm:Hell",
"enm:Nuts",
"enm:Pain",
"enm:Plants",
"enm:Prison"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "pyne",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to injure",
"word": "pynen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of pynen (“to injure”)"
],
"links": [
[
"pynen",
"pynen#Middle_English:_to_torment"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "pyne"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pyne meaning in Middle English (7.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (a681f8a and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.