See make in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "makeles"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "make",
"id": "mate"
},
"expansion": "English: make",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "English: make (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "make",
"3": "maik",
"4": "mak"
},
"expansion": "Scots: make, maik, mak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: make, maik, mak"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
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"2": "equal"
},
"expansion": "",
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},
{
"args": {
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"2": "ang",
"3": "maca"
},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
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},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*makô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *makô",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English maca, ġemaca, from Proto-West Germanic *makō, *gamakō, from Proto-Germanic *makô. Compare macche (“bride, equal”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "makes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "imaken",
"tags": [
"error-unknown-tag",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mac",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "mak",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ymake",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ȝemace",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "imake",
"tags": [
"alternative"
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"g2": "",
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},
{
"args": {
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],
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"lang_code": "enm",
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"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 36 3 3 1 2 18 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 30 2 3 2 1 15 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Love",
"orig": "enm:Love",
"parents": [
"Emotions",
"Virtue",
"Mind",
"Ethics",
"Human",
"Philosophy",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 35 0 9 9 0 12 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Marriage",
"orig": "enm:Marriage",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Family",
"Society",
"People",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 30 0 25 25 0 0 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "People",
"orig": "enm:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A bride or mate; a romantic partner."
],
"id": "en-make-enm-noun-MFsXJaDD",
"links": [
[
"bride",
"bride"
],
[
"mate",
"mate"
],
[
"romantic",
"romantic"
],
[
"partner",
"partner"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 1 3 3 0 0 3 2 3 0 0 1 1 6 0 2 3 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 3 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 5 6 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 5 5 0 0 0 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 36 3 3 1 2 18 7",
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},
{
"_dis": "35 35 0 9 9 0 12 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
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"orig": "enm:Marriage",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Family",
"Society",
"People",
"All topics",
"Human",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 30 0 25 25 0 0 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "People",
"orig": "enm:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A lover; a sexual partner."
],
"id": "en-make-enm-noun-OaEpm5K9",
"links": [
[
"lover",
"lover"
],
[
"sexual",
"sexual"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An equal or match."
],
"id": "en-make-enm-noun-~6DLVXPk",
"links": [
[
"equal",
"equal"
],
[
"match",
"match"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 30 0 25 25 0 0 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "People",
"orig": "enm:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A comrade or companion."
],
"id": "en-make-enm-noun-V1vBBgDo",
"links": [
[
"comrade",
"comrade"
],
[
"companion",
"companion"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 30 0 25 25 0 0 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "People",
"orig": "enm:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A competitor or opponent."
],
"id": "en-make-enm-noun-StNo77uL",
"links": [
[
"competitor",
"competitor"
],
[
"opponent",
"opponent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A competitor or opponent."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmaːk(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈmak(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/iˈmaːk(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "make"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "make",
"id": "make"
},
"expansion": "English: make",
"name": "desc"
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],
"text": "English: make"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "mak"
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"name": "desc"
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],
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"args": {
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"2": "build"
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"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
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{
"args": {
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"2": "maken",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "back-formation from maken",
"name": "back-formation"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A back-formation from maken.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mak",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
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"expansion": "make",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
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"expansion": "make (uncountable)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"make (manner of manufacture or design)"
],
"id": "en-make-enm-noun-BFgEsLhq",
"links": [
[
"make",
"make#English"
],
[
"manufacture",
"manufacture#English"
],
[
"design",
"design#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 36 3 3 1 2 18 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English back-formations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 35 0 9 9 0 12 1",
"kind": "topical",
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"name": "Marriage",
"orig": "enm:Marriage",
"parents": [
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"Family",
"Society",
"People",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"effort, behaviour"
],
"id": "en-make-enm-noun-PRm9hMYt",
"links": [
[
"effort",
"effort"
],
[
"behaviour",
"behaviour"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) effort, behaviour"
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmaːk(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈmak(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/iˈmaːk(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "make"
}
{
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"args": {
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"2": "verb"
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"expansion": "make",
"name": "head"
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],
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"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "maken"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "… She gathers flowers, mixed white and red,\nTo make an intricate garland for her head, …",
"ref": "late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Knight's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 1053-1054",
"text": "[...] She gadereth floures, party whyte and rede,\nTo make a sotil gerland for hir hede, [...]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of maken"
],
"id": "en-make-enm-verb-zPeq97rr",
"links": [
[
"maken",
"maken#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "make"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English verbs",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Love",
"enm:Marriage",
"enm:People"
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"derived": [
{
"word": "makeles"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "make",
"id": "mate"
},
"expansion": "English: make",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "English: make (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "make",
"3": "maik",
"4": "mak"
},
"expansion": "Scots: make, maik, mak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: make, maik, mak"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "equal"
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"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
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{
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"2": "ang",
"3": "maca"
},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
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"2": "gmw-pro",
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"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *makō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*makô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *makô",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English maca, ġemaca, from Proto-West Germanic *makō, *gamakō, from Proto-Germanic *makô. Compare macche (“bride, equal”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "makes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "imaken",
"tags": [
"error-unknown-tag",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mac",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "mak",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ymake",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ȝemace",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "imake",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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"expansion": "make",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
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"pl2_qual": "early"
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"expansion": "make (plural makes or (early) imaken)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A bride or mate; a romantic partner."
],
"links": [
[
"bride",
"bride"
],
[
"mate",
"mate"
],
[
"romantic",
"romantic"
],
[
"partner",
"partner"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A lover; a sexual partner."
],
"links": [
[
"lover",
"lover"
],
[
"sexual",
"sexual"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An equal or match."
],
"links": [
[
"equal",
"equal"
],
[
"match",
"match"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A comrade or companion."
],
"links": [
[
"comrade",
"comrade"
],
[
"companion",
"companion"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A competitor or opponent."
],
"links": [
[
"competitor",
"competitor"
],
[
"opponent",
"opponent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A competitor or opponent."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmaːk(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈmak(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/iˈmaːk(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "make"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English back-formations",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English uncountable nouns",
"Middle English verbs",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Love",
"enm:Marriage",
"enm:People"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "make",
"id": "make"
},
"expansion": "English: make",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: make"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "mak"
},
"expansion": "Scots: mak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: mak"
}
],
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"1": "enm",
"2": "build"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "maken",
"nocap": "1"
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"expansion": "back-formation from maken",
"name": "back-formation"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A back-formation from maken.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mak",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
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"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
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"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "make",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "make (uncountable)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"make (manner of manufacture or design)"
],
"links": [
[
"make",
"make#English"
],
[
"manufacture",
"manufacture#English"
],
[
"design",
"design#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"effort, behaviour"
],
"links": [
[
"effort",
"effort"
],
[
"behaviour",
"behaviour"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) effort, behaviour"
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmaːk(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈmak(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/iˈmaːk(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "make"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English verbs",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Love",
"enm:Marriage",
"enm:People"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "make",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "maken"
}
],
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "… She gathers flowers, mixed white and red,\nTo make an intricate garland for her head, …",
"ref": "late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Knight's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 1053-1054",
"text": "[...] She gadereth floures, party whyte and rede,\nTo make a sotil gerland for hir hede, [...]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of maken"
],
"links": [
[
"maken",
"maken#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "make"
}
Download raw JSONL data for make meaning in Middle English (5.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (87ad358 and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.