See lady in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lady"
},
"expansion": "English: lady",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "English: lady (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "lady",
"3": "leddy"
},
"expansion": "Scots: lady, leddy",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: lady, leddy"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "laady"
},
"expansion": "Yola: laady",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: laady"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "lafði",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Icelandic: lafði",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Icelandic: lafði"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰeyǵʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hlǣfdīġe"
},
"expansion": "Old English hlǣfdīġe",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English hlǣfdīġe, in turn from hlāf (“bread, loaf”) + *dīġe (“maid”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ladies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ladies",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lady",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "laddy",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ladi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ladie",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ladij",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ladye",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lavedi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lefdi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lefdy",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "levedi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "levedy",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lhevedi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lafdi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "laffdiȝ",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "læfdi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lævedi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "leafdi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "lady",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"gen": "ladies",
"gen2": "lady",
"pl": "ladies"
},
"expansion": "lady (plural ladies, genitive ladies or lady)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 6 11 7 22 7 18",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Household",
"orig": "enm:Household",
"parents": [
"Home",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "And when the angel of the Lord had found her in the wilderness beside the spring of water, which is in the desert on the way to Shur, he said to her, \"Hagar, handmaiden of Sarai, where have you come from, and where are you going?\" She answered, \"I am fleeing from the face of Sarai, my lady\".",
"ref": "c. 1382, John Wycliffe, transl., Wycliffe's Bible, Genesis 16:7–9:",
"text": "And whanne the aungel of the Lord hadde foundun hir biside the welle of water in wildirnes, the which is in the / weye of Sur in desert, he seide to hir, Agar, the hand mayden of Saray, whens comyst thow, and whithir gost thow? / The which answeride, Fro the face of Saray my ladi I flee.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A woman with authority or leadership:",
"A lady (mistress of a household)"
],
"id": "en-lady-enm-noun-3~gcTr2-",
"links": [
[
"woman",
"woman"
],
[
"authority",
"authority"
],
[
"leadership",
"leadership"
],
[
"lady",
"lady#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 12 13 25 25 3 16",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Nobility",
"orig": "enm:Nobility",
"parents": [
"High society",
"People",
"Society",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A woman with authority or leadership:",
"A lady (noblewoman or female monarch)."
],
"id": "en-lady-enm-noun-QgBj-3-V",
"links": [
[
"woman",
"woman"
],
[
"authority",
"authority"
],
[
"leadership",
"leadership"
],
[
"lady",
"lady#English"
],
[
"noblewoman",
"noblewoman#English"
],
[
"female",
"female#English"
],
[
"monarch",
"monarch#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 12 13 25 25 3 16",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Nobility",
"orig": "enm:Nobility",
"parents": [
"High society",
"People",
"Society",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A woman with authority or leadership:",
"A woman who manages an abbey or inn."
],
"id": "en-lady-enm-noun-1Vh74aZh",
"links": [
[
"woman",
"woman"
],
[
"authority",
"authority"
],
[
"leadership",
"leadership"
],
[
"abbey",
"abbey"
],
[
"inn",
"inn"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 12 13 25 25 3 16",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Nobility",
"orig": "enm:Nobility",
"parents": [
"High society",
"People",
"Society",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The wife of a noble or monarch."
],
"id": "en-lady-enm-noun-fqS68bvo",
"links": [
[
"noble",
"noble"
],
[
"monarch",
"monarch"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 6 17 3 40 17 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 12 13 25 25 3 16",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Nobility",
"orig": "enm:Nobility",
"parents": [
"High society",
"People",
"Society",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A polite way to address a noble or honoured woman."
],
"id": "en-lady-enm-noun-XNyJK3sw"
},
{
"glosses": [
"Any woman."
],
"id": "en-lady-enm-noun-kKe-GVMm",
"links": [
[
"woman",
"woman"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) Any woman."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 28 9 12 7 3 39",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Female people",
"orig": "enm:Female people",
"parents": [
"Female",
"People",
"Gender",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 12 13 25 25 3 16",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Nobility",
"orig": "enm:Nobility",
"parents": [
"High society",
"People",
"Society",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 15 0 0 0 81",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Religion",
"orig": "enm:Religion",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A female deity (or the Virgin Mary)."
],
"id": "en-lady-enm-noun-14URYcBB",
"links": [
[
"female",
"female"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlaːdiː(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈladiː(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlavdiː(ə)/",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"mainly"
]
}
],
"word": "lady"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeyǵʰ-",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Female people",
"enm:Household",
"enm:Nobility",
"enm:Religion"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lady"
},
"expansion": "English: lady",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "English: lady (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "lady",
"3": "leddy"
},
"expansion": "Scots: lady, leddy",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: lady, leddy"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "laady"
},
"expansion": "Yola: laady",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: laady"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "lafði",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Icelandic: lafði",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Icelandic: lafði"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰeyǵʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hlǣfdīġe"
},
"expansion": "Old English hlǣfdīġe",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English hlǣfdīġe, in turn from hlāf (“bread, loaf”) + *dīġe (“maid”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ladies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ladies",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lady",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "laddy",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ladi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ladie",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ladij",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ladye",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lavedi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lefdi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lefdy",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "levedi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "levedy",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lhevedi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lafdi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "laffdiȝ",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "læfdi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lævedi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "leafdi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "lady",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"gen": "ladies",
"gen2": "lady",
"pl": "ladies"
},
"expansion": "lady (plural ladies, genitive ladies or lady)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "And when the angel of the Lord had found her in the wilderness beside the spring of water, which is in the desert on the way to Shur, he said to her, \"Hagar, handmaiden of Sarai, where have you come from, and where are you going?\" She answered, \"I am fleeing from the face of Sarai, my lady\".",
"ref": "c. 1382, John Wycliffe, transl., Wycliffe's Bible, Genesis 16:7–9:",
"text": "And whanne the aungel of the Lord hadde foundun hir biside the welle of water in wildirnes, the which is in the / weye of Sur in desert, he seide to hir, Agar, the hand mayden of Saray, whens comyst thow, and whithir gost thow? / The which answeride, Fro the face of Saray my ladi I flee.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A woman with authority or leadership:",
"A lady (mistress of a household)"
],
"links": [
[
"woman",
"woman"
],
[
"authority",
"authority"
],
[
"leadership",
"leadership"
],
[
"lady",
"lady#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A woman with authority or leadership:",
"A lady (noblewoman or female monarch)."
],
"links": [
[
"woman",
"woman"
],
[
"authority",
"authority"
],
[
"leadership",
"leadership"
],
[
"lady",
"lady#English"
],
[
"noblewoman",
"noblewoman#English"
],
[
"female",
"female#English"
],
[
"monarch",
"monarch#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A woman with authority or leadership:",
"A woman who manages an abbey or inn."
],
"links": [
[
"woman",
"woman"
],
[
"authority",
"authority"
],
[
"leadership",
"leadership"
],
[
"abbey",
"abbey"
],
[
"inn",
"inn"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The wife of a noble or monarch."
],
"links": [
[
"noble",
"noble"
],
[
"monarch",
"monarch"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A polite way to address a noble or honoured woman."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Any woman."
],
"links": [
[
"woman",
"woman"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) Any woman."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A female deity (or the Virgin Mary)."
],
"links": [
[
"female",
"female"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlaːdiː(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈladiː(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlavdiː(ə)/",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"mainly"
]
}
],
"word": "lady"
}
Download raw JSONL data for lady meaning in Middle English (4.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.