See knokken in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for knokken meaning in Middle English (6.3kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "knok"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "knock"
},
"expansion": "English: knock",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: knock"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "knokken",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: knokken",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "nokken"
},
"expansion": "nokken",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: knokken; nokken"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "knock",
"3": "tnock",
"4": "knack"
},
"expansion": "Scots: knock, tnock, knack",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: knock, tnock, knack"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "knockt",
"qq": "preterite"
},
"expansion": "Yola: knockt (preterite)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: knockt (preterite)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cnocian"
},
"expansion": "Old English cnocian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*knokōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *knokōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*knukōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *knukōną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English cnocian, from Proto-West Germanic *knokōn, from Proto-Germanic *knukōną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "knokken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to knokken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "knokke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "knokke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "knokked",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "knokkest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "knokkedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "knokketh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "knokked",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "knokke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "knokked",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "knokke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "knokken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "knokke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "knokkeden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "knokkede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "knokketh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "knokke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "knokkynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "knokkende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "knokked",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yknokked",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "knokken",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "knokk"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 11 11 11 27 11",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Violence",
"orig": "enm:Violence",
"parents": [
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To pound; to beat down."
],
"id": "en-knokken-enm-verb-HDL-Q3Xz",
"links": [
[
"pound",
"pound"
],
[
"beat",
"beat"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 11 11 11 27 11",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Violence",
"orig": "enm:Violence",
"parents": [
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To strike (with a weapon or one's head)"
],
"id": "en-knokken-enm-verb-tzTZWyAv",
"links": [
[
"strike",
"strike"
],
[
"weapon",
"weapon#English"
],
[
"head",
"head#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 11 11 11 27 11",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Violence",
"orig": "enm:Violence",
"parents": [
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To knock or rap on (something)."
],
"id": "en-knokken-enm-verb-b0w~iIxD",
"links": [
[
"knock",
"knock"
],
[
"rap",
"rap"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 11 11 11 27 11",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Violence",
"orig": "enm:Violence",
"parents": [
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To beat against the breast."
],
"id": "en-knokken-enm-verb-d~80Z-Kf",
"links": [
[
"beat",
"beat"
],
[
"breast",
"breast"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 11 11 11 27 11",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Violence",
"orig": "enm:Violence",
"parents": [
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To pulverise; to crush to bits."
],
"id": "en-knokken-enm-verb-Tf~St64i",
"links": [
[
"pulverise",
"pulverise"
],
[
"crush",
"crush"
],
[
"bits",
"bits"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 11 11 11 27 11",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Violence",
"orig": "enm:Violence",
"parents": [
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To assault; to attack."
],
"id": "en-knokken-enm-verb-stuXio1D",
"links": [
[
"assault",
"assault"
],
[
"attack",
"attack"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To assault; to attack."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈknɔkən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈknɔːkən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈknɒːkən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cnoken"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "knocke"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "knok"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "knoke"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "knokke"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "knokkyn"
}
],
"word": "knokken"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"enm:Violence"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "knok"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "knock"
},
"expansion": "English: knock",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: knock"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "knokken",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: knokken",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "nokken"
},
"expansion": "nokken",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: knokken; nokken"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "knock",
"3": "tnock",
"4": "knack"
},
"expansion": "Scots: knock, tnock, knack",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: knock, tnock, knack"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "knockt",
"qq": "preterite"
},
"expansion": "Yola: knockt (preterite)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: knockt (preterite)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cnocian"
},
"expansion": "Old English cnocian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*knokōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *knokōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*knukōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *knukōną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English cnocian, from Proto-West Germanic *knokōn, from Proto-Germanic *knukōną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "knokken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to knokken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "knokke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "knokke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "knokked",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "knokkest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "knokkedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "knokketh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "knokked",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "knokke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "knokked",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "knokke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "knokken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "knokke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "knokkeden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "knokkede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "knokketh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "knokke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "knokkynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "knokkende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "knokked",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yknokked",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "knokken",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "knokk"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To pound; to beat down."
],
"links": [
[
"pound",
"pound"
],
[
"beat",
"beat"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To strike (with a weapon or one's head)"
],
"links": [
[
"strike",
"strike"
],
[
"weapon",
"weapon#English"
],
[
"head",
"head#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To knock or rap on (something)."
],
"links": [
[
"knock",
"knock"
],
[
"rap",
"rap"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To beat against the breast."
],
"links": [
[
"beat",
"beat"
],
[
"breast",
"breast"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To pulverise; to crush to bits."
],
"links": [
[
"pulverise",
"pulverise"
],
[
"crush",
"crush"
],
[
"bits",
"bits"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To assault; to attack."
],
"links": [
[
"assault",
"assault"
],
[
"attack",
"attack"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To assault; to attack."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈknɔkən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈknɔːkən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈknɒːkən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cnoken"
},
{
"word": "knocke"
},
{
"word": "knok"
},
{
"word": "knoke"
},
{
"word": "knokke"
},
{
"word": "knokkyn"
}
],
"word": "knokken"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.