See kissen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "kiss"
},
"expansion": "English: kiss",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: kiss"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "kisi",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Esperanto: kisi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Esperanto: kisi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "kiss"
},
"expansion": "Scots: kiss",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: kiss"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "kisth",
"qq": "preterite"
},
"expansion": "Yola: kisth (preterite)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: kisth (preterite)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cyssan"
},
"expansion": "Old English cyssan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kussijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kussijan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kussijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kussijaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cos",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix"
},
"expansion": "cos + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English cyssan, from Proto-West Germanic *kussijan, from Proto-Germanic *kussijaną; equivalent to cos + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kisseth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kissende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kissynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kiste",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kissen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to kissen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kisse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kisse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kiste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kissed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kissest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kist",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kistest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kissedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kisseth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kist",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kiste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kissed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kisse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kiste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kissed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kisse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kissen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kisse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kisten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kiste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kisseden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kissede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kisseth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kisse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kissynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kissende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kist",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kissed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ykist",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ykissed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "kissen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"3": "kiste",
"stem": "kiss"
},
"expansion": "kissen (third-person singular simple present kisseth, present participle kissende, kissynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle kiste)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kiss",
"2s2": "kist",
"3s2": "kist",
"c": "te",
"c2": "ed"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Love",
"orig": "enm:Love",
"parents": [
"Emotions",
"Virtue",
"Mind",
"Ethics",
"Human",
"Philosophy",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to kiss"
],
"id": "en-kissen-enm-verb-CQf0AzEz",
"links": [
[
"transitive",
"transitive"
],
[
"intransitive",
"intransitive"
],
[
"kiss",
"kiss"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, intransitive) to kiss"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "kissynge"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cusse"
},
{
"word": "cussen"
},
{
"word": "kess"
},
{
"word": "kessen"
},
{
"word": "kis"
},
{
"word": "kiss"
},
{
"word": "kisse"
},
{
"word": "kysse"
},
{
"word": "kussen"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkisən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkusən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɛsən/"
}
],
"word": "kissen"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "kiss"
},
"expansion": "English: kiss",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: kiss"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "kisi",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Esperanto: kisi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Esperanto: kisi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "kiss"
},
"expansion": "Scots: kiss",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: kiss"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "kisth",
"qq": "preterite"
},
"expansion": "Yola: kisth (preterite)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: kisth (preterite)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cyssan"
},
"expansion": "Old English cyssan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kussijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kussijan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kussijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kussijaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cos",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix"
},
"expansion": "cos + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English cyssan, from Proto-West Germanic *kussijan, from Proto-Germanic *kussijaną; equivalent to cos + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kisseth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kissende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kissynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kiste",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kissen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to kissen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kisse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kisse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kiste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kissed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kissest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kist",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kistest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kissedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kisseth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kist",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kiste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kissed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kisse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kiste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kissed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kisse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kissen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kisse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kisten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kiste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kisseden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kissede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kisseth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kisse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kissynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kissende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kist",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kissed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ykist",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ykissed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "kissen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"3": "kiste",
"stem": "kiss"
},
"expansion": "kissen (third-person singular simple present kisseth, present participle kissende, kissynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle kiste)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kiss",
"2s2": "kist",
"3s2": "kist",
"c": "te",
"c2": "ed"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "kissynge"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English intransitive verbs",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"Middle English transitive verbs",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Love"
],
"glosses": [
"to kiss"
],
"links": [
[
"transitive",
"transitive"
],
[
"intransitive",
"intransitive"
],
[
"kiss",
"kiss"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, intransitive) to kiss"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkisən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkusən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɛsən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cusse"
},
{
"word": "cussen"
},
{
"word": "kess"
},
{
"word": "kessen"
},
{
"word": "kis"
},
{
"word": "kiss"
},
{
"word": "kisse"
},
{
"word": "kysse"
},
{
"word": "kussen"
}
],
"word": "kissen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kissen meaning in Middle English (6.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.