See hound in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hound fysch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hounden"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "houndesberye"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "houndestonge"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hound"
},
"expansion": "English: hound",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: hound"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northumbrian: hoond, hund"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "hoond",
"3": "hund"
},
"expansion": "Scots: hoond, hund",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: hoond, hund"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
"4": "ine-pro",
"inh": "3"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hund"
},
"expansion": "Old English hund",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English hund.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "houndes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hounden",
"tags": [
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hound",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "houndes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "houndes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hounde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hounde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hounden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "hound",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "houndes",
"pl2": "hounden",
"pl2_qual": "rare"
},
"expansion": "hound (plural houndes or (rare) hounden)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hound",
"2": "houndes",
"3": "hounde",
"4": "houndes",
"5": "hounde",
"6": "hounden"
},
"name": "enm-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 27 27 2 13 4 1",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Dogs",
"orig": "enm:Dogs",
"parents": [
"Canids",
"Carnivores",
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 2 18 3 2",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Mammals",
"orig": "enm:Mammals",
"parents": [
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 22 22 4 15 6 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Stars",
"orig": "enm:Stars",
"parents": [
"Celestial bodies",
"Space",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dog, hound (The canid Canis lupus familiaris)",
"A pet dog; a dog kept for companionship."
],
"id": "en-hound-enm-noun-hEfsSBbh",
"links": [
[
"dog",
"dog"
],
[
"hound",
"hound#English"
],
[
"Canis lupus familiaris",
"Canis lupus familiaris#Translingual"
],
[
"pet",
"pet"
],
[
"companionship",
"companionship"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 27 27 2 13 4 1",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Dogs",
"orig": "enm:Dogs",
"parents": [
"Canids",
"Carnivores",
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 2 18 3 2",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Mammals",
"orig": "enm:Mammals",
"parents": [
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 22 22 4 15 6 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Stars",
"orig": "enm:Stars",
"parents": [
"Celestial bodies",
"Space",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dog, hound (The canid Canis lupus familiaris)",
"A hunting or sporting dog; a hound."
],
"id": "en-hound-enm-noun-CRbU1FEu",
"links": [
[
"dog",
"dog"
],
[
"hound",
"hound#English"
],
[
"Canis lupus familiaris",
"Canis lupus familiaris#Translingual"
],
[
"hunting",
"hunting"
],
[
"sporting",
"sporting"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 27 27 2 13 4 1",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Dogs",
"orig": "enm:Dogs",
"parents": [
"Canids",
"Carnivores",
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 54 1 8 5 4",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Male animals",
"orig": "enm:Male animals",
"parents": [
"Animals",
"Male",
"Lifeforms",
"Gender",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"Fundamental",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 2 18 3 2",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Mammals",
"orig": "enm:Mammals",
"parents": [
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 22 22 4 15 6 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Stars",
"orig": "enm:Stars",
"parents": [
"Celestial bodies",
"Space",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dog, hound (The canid Canis lupus familiaris)",
"A male or fully-grown dog."
],
"id": "en-hound-enm-noun-6BkC7J1l",
"links": [
[
"dog",
"dog"
],
[
"hound",
"hound#English"
],
[
"Canis lupus familiaris",
"Canis lupus familiaris#Translingual"
],
[
"male",
"male"
],
[
"grown",
"grown"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"dog, hound (The canid Canis lupus familiaris)",
"(specifically) A male or fully-grown dog."
],
"tags": [
"specifically"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 71 0 29 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Religion",
"orig": "enm:Religion",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A strong term of abuse, especially used against enemies of one's religion"
],
"id": "en-hound-enm-noun-MVopksXA"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 27 27 2 13 4 1",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Dogs",
"orig": "enm:Dogs",
"parents": [
"Canids",
"Carnivores",
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 2 18 3 2",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Mammals",
"orig": "enm:Mammals",
"parents": [
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 22 22 4 15 6 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Stars",
"orig": "enm:Stars",
"parents": [
"Celestial bodies",
"Space",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A heraldic portrayal of a dog."
],
"id": "en-hound-enm-noun-g5tHTssp",
"links": [
[
"heraldic",
"heraldic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A heraldic portrayal of a dog."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"The forces of evil; the infernal army."
],
"id": "en-hound-enm-noun-IIvdI3a4",
"links": [
[
"forces",
"forces"
],
[
"infernal",
"infernal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) The forces of evil; the infernal army."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 22 22 4 15 6 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Stars",
"orig": "enm:Stars",
"parents": [
"Celestial bodies",
"Space",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Sirius (star)"
],
"id": "en-hound-enm-noun-IiH8jaeZ",
"links": [
[
"Sirius",
"Sirius"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Sirius (star)"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/huːnd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hund/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "honde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hounde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hund"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hunde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hond"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hownd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hownde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hwond"
}
],
"word": "hound"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English derogatory terms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English weak nouns",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Dogs",
"enm:Male animals",
"enm:Mammals",
"enm:Religion",
"enm:Stars"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "hound fysch"
},
{
"word": "hounden"
},
{
"word": "houndesberye"
},
{
"word": "houndestonge"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hound"
},
"expansion": "English: hound",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: hound"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northumbrian: hoond, hund"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "hoond",
"3": "hund"
},
"expansion": "Scots: hoond, hund",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: hoond, hund"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
"4": "ine-pro",
"inh": "3"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hund"
},
"expansion": "Old English hund",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English hund.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "houndes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hounden",
"tags": [
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hound",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "houndes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "houndes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hounde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hounde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hounden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "hound",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "houndes",
"pl2": "hounden",
"pl2_qual": "rare"
},
"expansion": "hound (plural houndes or (rare) hounden)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hound",
"2": "houndes",
"3": "hounde",
"4": "houndes",
"5": "hounde",
"6": "hounden"
},
"name": "enm-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"dog, hound (The canid Canis lupus familiaris)",
"A pet dog; a dog kept for companionship."
],
"links": [
[
"dog",
"dog"
],
[
"hound",
"hound#English"
],
[
"Canis lupus familiaris",
"Canis lupus familiaris#Translingual"
],
[
"pet",
"pet"
],
[
"companionship",
"companionship"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"dog, hound (The canid Canis lupus familiaris)",
"A hunting or sporting dog; a hound."
],
"links": [
[
"dog",
"dog"
],
[
"hound",
"hound#English"
],
[
"Canis lupus familiaris",
"Canis lupus familiaris#Translingual"
],
[
"hunting",
"hunting"
],
[
"sporting",
"sporting"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"dog, hound (The canid Canis lupus familiaris)",
"A male or fully-grown dog."
],
"links": [
[
"dog",
"dog"
],
[
"hound",
"hound#English"
],
[
"Canis lupus familiaris",
"Canis lupus familiaris#Translingual"
],
[
"male",
"male"
],
[
"grown",
"grown"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"dog, hound (The canid Canis lupus familiaris)",
"(specifically) A male or fully-grown dog."
],
"tags": [
"specifically"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A strong term of abuse, especially used against enemies of one's religion"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A heraldic portrayal of a dog."
],
"links": [
[
"heraldic",
"heraldic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A heraldic portrayal of a dog."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"The forces of evil; the infernal army."
],
"links": [
[
"forces",
"forces"
],
[
"infernal",
"infernal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) The forces of evil; the infernal army."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Sirius (star)"
],
"links": [
[
"Sirius",
"Sirius"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Sirius (star)"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/huːnd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/hund/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "honde"
},
{
"word": "hounde"
},
{
"word": "hund"
},
{
"word": "hunde"
},
{
"word": "hond"
},
{
"word": "hownd"
},
{
"word": "hownde"
},
{
"word": "hwond"
}
],
"word": "hound"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hound meaning in Middle English (4.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (9a96ef4 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.