See holden in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for holden meaning in Middle English (4.4kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hold"
},
"expansion": "English: hold",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: hold"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en-geo",
"2": "ha'd"
},
"expansion": "Geordie English: ha'd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Geordie English: ha'd"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "hald",
"3": "hauld",
"4": "haud",
"5": "had"
},
"expansion": "Scots: hald, hauld, haud, had",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: hald, hauld, haud, had"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "houle"
},
"expansion": "Yola: houle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: houle"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "healdan"
},
"expansion": "Old English healdan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*haldan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *haldan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*haldaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to watch, look after"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haldaną (“to watch, look after”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English healdan, from Proto-West Germanic *haldan, from Proto-Germanic *haldaną (“to watch, look after”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "7",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "holden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to holden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "holde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "holde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "held",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "holdest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "held",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "holdeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "holt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "held",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "holde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "helde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "holde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "holden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "holde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "helden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "holdeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "holde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "holdynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "holdende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "holden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "holde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yholden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yholde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "holden",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hold",
"2": "held",
"3s2": "holt",
"class": "7"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to hold"
],
"id": "en-holden-enm-verb-wddo9PTy",
"links": [
[
"hold",
"hold"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to consider"
],
"id": "en-holden-enm-verb-rAh8mwgP",
"links": [
[
"consider",
"consider"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɔːldən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhaːldən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "halden"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "halde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "halt"
}
],
"word": "holden"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English class 7 strong verbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English verbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hold"
},
"expansion": "English: hold",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: hold"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en-geo",
"2": "ha'd"
},
"expansion": "Geordie English: ha'd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Geordie English: ha'd"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "hald",
"3": "hauld",
"4": "haud",
"5": "had"
},
"expansion": "Scots: hald, hauld, haud, had",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: hald, hauld, haud, had"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "houle"
},
"expansion": "Yola: houle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: houle"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "healdan"
},
"expansion": "Old English healdan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*haldan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *haldan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*haldaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to watch, look after"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haldaną (“to watch, look after”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English healdan, from Proto-West Germanic *haldan, from Proto-Germanic *haldaną (“to watch, look after”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "7",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "holden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to holden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "holde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "holde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "held",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "holdest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "held",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "holdeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "holt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "held",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "holde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "helde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "holde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "holden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "holde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "helden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "holdeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "holde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "holdynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "holdende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "holden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "holde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yholden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yholde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "holden",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hold",
"2": "held",
"3s2": "holt",
"class": "7"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to hold"
],
"links": [
[
"hold",
"hold"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to consider"
],
"links": [
[
"consider",
"consider"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɔːldən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhaːldən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "halden"
},
{
"word": "halde"
},
{
"word": "halt"
}
],
"word": "holden"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.